SCHOOL ENGAGEMENT: ADAPTATION AND VALIDITY EVIDENCE FOR THE SES-4DS SCALE
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Abstract
School engagement is understood as the student’s level of involvement in
school activities, consisting of four aspects: behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and
agent. This study aimed at adapting and bringing validity evidence for the SES-4DS
scale in Brazil. Three hundred and thirty-seven students from the 5th and 6th grades
of private and public elementary schools took part in this study. Factor Analysis by
principal axis factoring extraction method and Parallel analysis method resulted in four
factors. These four factors explained 52.08% of item variance and mirrored the four
school engagement dimensions predicted by the original SES-4DS scale. The cognitive
engagement factor presented a fair Cronbach’s alpha (.62), and the other factors presented good Cronbach’s alphas: agentic (.74), behavioral (.78), and affective (.81).
There was a highlight in the screening and pedagogical potential of the Brazilian version of the SES-4DS scale. However, the scales’ cognitive engagement factor calls for
cautious interpretation
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