Pain Experiences in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Qualitative Study
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Abstract
Pain and its chronicity are determined by a combination of organic diseases and the psychological suffering of the individual. It is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential damage to a specific region of the body. The objective of this research was to explore the subjective experience of helplessness and pain perception in patients with chronic low back pain. A qualitative clinical study was conducted at a Spine Outpatient Clinic within a highly complex Hospital Service. The study included 10 male volunteer participants diagnosed with herniated discs and experiencing chronic low back pain. Data collection involved anamnesis, semi-structured clinical interviews, administration of the Visual Analogue Scale for Pain (VAS), and a reduced version of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). The perception of intense pain, as expressed during the interviews and through the VAS, was found to be related to experiences evoking feelings of helplessness, such as failed medication and surgical treatments, withdrawal from daily routines, and a decline in quality of life. In the TAT, narratives of helplessness were identified in participants’ life stories, particularly in their accounts of treatment failures and disease progression. The findings underscore the importance of comprehensive health care that addresses the subjective aspects of the illness process. Furthermore, they highlight the need for psychologists to be integrated into interdisciplinary health care teams, providing psychological interventions for patients and their families with a focus on the emotional and psychosocial dimensions of pain.
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