Equal, Unequal or Adequate?
Keywords:
Uguaglianza, Diversità, Riconoscimento, Giustizia SocialeAbstract
The work proposes a reflection on the value of the concept of equality in the field of social policies. After having underlined its centrality in the international debate, also due to the growth of economic inequalities, its analytical value is underlined, but also its scarce usability from the point of view of social research. On the other hand, the concept of inequality paradoxically reveals greater usability due to its empirical breadth, and greater functionality for the purpose of defining intervention programs which, starting from unequal needs, must provide "adequate" responses to favor the creation of personal, individual. What the work aims to demonstrate is that inequality is not the central problem of the processes of social inclusion, but the tool through which it is possible to achieve full "recognition" of the value of diversity and, in a Hegelian or, better, sociologically speaking, the full "recognition" of the value of every individuality.
References
ABBAGNANO, N. Storia della Filosofia. 10 Voll. Milano, TEA, 1995.
ALVAREDO, F.; CHANCEL, L.; PIKETTY, T.; SAEZ, E.; ZUCMAN, G. (eds.). World Inequality Report 2018. World Inequality Lab, 2017. Disponível em: https://wir2018.wid.world/. Acesso em: 04 dez. 2022.
ARISTOTELE. Etica Nicomachea. Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1993.
ARNSPERGER, C.; VAN PARIJS, P. Ethique économique et sociale. Paris: La Découverte, 2003; tr. it. Quanta diseguaglianza possiamo accettare? Etica economica e sociale. Bologna: il Mulino, 2003.
ATKINSON, A. B. Inequality. What can be done?. Cambridge (Mass.): President and Fellows of Harvard College, 2015; tr. it. Diseguaglianza. Che cosa si può fare?. Milano: Raffaello Cortina, 2015.
BEBCHUCK, L.; FRIED, J. Pay without performance: the unfulfilled promise of executive compensation. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press, 2004; tr. it. Pagare senza risultati. La remunerazione dei manager: una promessa mancata. Torino: Giappichelli Editore, 2010.
BOBBIO, N. Eguaglianza. In: Enciclopedia del Novecento. Roma: Istituto dell’Enciclopedia Italiana Treccani, p. 355-364, 1977.
BOBBIO, N. L’età dei diritti. Torino: Einaudi, 1990.
BOBBIO, N. Uguaglianza e Libertà. Torino: Einaudi, 1995.
BRIGGS, A. The Welfare State in historical perspective. European Journal of Sociology, v. 2, n. 2, pp. 221-258, 1961.
BURCHARDT, T., LE GRAND, J., PIACHAUD, D. Degrees of Exclusion: Developing a Dynamic, Multidimensional Measure. In: HILLS, J.; LE GRAND, J.; PICHAUD, D. (eds.). Understanding Social Exclusion. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
CASALINI, B.; CINI, L. (eds.). Giustizia, uguaglianza e differenza. Una guida alla lettura della filosofia politica contemporanea. Firenze: Firenze University Press, 2012.
CASTEL, R. L’Insécurité Sociale. Qu’est-ce qu’etre protégé?. Paris : Seuil, 2003; tr. it. L’Insicurezza Sociale. Cosa significa essere protetti. Torino: Einaudi, 2011.
CERRI, A. L’Eguaglianza. Roma-Bari: Laterza, 2005.
COMANDUCCI, P. “Uguaglianza”: una proposta neo-illuminista. In: COMANDUCCI, P.; GUASTINI, R. (eds.). Analisi e diritto 1992. Torino: Giappichelli, 1992.
DABLA-NORRIS, E.; KOCHCHHAR, K.; SUPHAPHIPHAT, N.; RICKA, F.; TSOUNTA, E. Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality: A Global Perspective, International Monetary Found, 2015.
DEATON A., 2013, The Great Escape. Health, Wealth, and the Origins of Inequality. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013; tr. it. La grande fuga. Salute, ricchezza e origini della diseguaglianza. Bologna: il Mulino, 2015.
DWORKIN, R. Taking rights seriously. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press, 1977; tr. it. I diritti presi sul serio. Bologna: il Mulino, 1982.
DWORKIN, R. Eguaglianza. In: “Enciclopedia delle Scienze Sociali”. Roma: Istituto dell’Enciclopedia Italiana Treccani, 1996.
DWORKIN, R. Sovereign Virtue. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press, 2000; tr. it. Virtù sovrana. Teoria dell’uguaglianza. Milano: Feltrinelli, 2002.
ELSTER, J. Sour Grapes. Studies in the Subversion of Rationality. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press, 1983.
FARGION, S. Il metodo nel servizio sociale. Analisi dei casi e ricerche. Roma: Carocci, 2013.
FRANKFURT, H. G. On Inequality. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press, 2015; tr. it. Sulla Disuguaglianza. Milano: Ugo Guanda Editore, 2015.
FRASER, N.; HONNETH, A. Umverteilung oder Anerkennung?. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 2003; tr. it. Redistribuzione o Riconoscimento? Una controversia politico-filosofica. Roma: Meltemi, 2007.
GANS, H. J. Positive functions of the undeserving poor: uses of the underclass in America. Politics and Society, 22 (September), p. 269-283, 1994.
GILLIGAN, C. In a Different Voice: Women’s Conceptions of Self and of Morality. Harvard Educational Review, 47 (4), p. 481-517, 1977.
GIOVANOLA B. Giustizia Sociale. Eguaglianza e rispetto nelle società diseguali. Bologna: il Mulino, 2018.
HABERMAS J. Kampf um Anerkennung im Demokratischen Rechtsstaat. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1996; tr. it. in Multiculturalismo. Lotte per il riconoscimento. Milano: Feltrinelli, 1998.
HOBSBAWN E. J. Age of Extremes. The Short Twentieth Century 1914-1991. London: Penguin Random House, 1994; tr. it. Il Secolo Breve: 1914-1991. Milano: RCS Libri, 1994.
KANT, I. Die Metaphysik der Sitten. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1797; tr.it. Metafisica dei costumi. Roma-Bari: Laterza, 1996.
KELSEN, H. Das Problem der Gerechtigkeit. Wien: Verlag Franz Deuticke, 1960; trad. it. II problema della giustizia. Torino: Einaudi, 1975.
KRUGMAN P. The Return of Depression Economics and the Crisis of 2008. New York: W. W. Norton, 2008; tr. it. Il ritorno dell’economia della depressione e la crisi del 2008. Milano: Garzanti , 2009.
MARRADI, A. Metodologia delle scienze sociali. il Mulino: Bologna, 2007.
MERTON, R. K. Social Theory and Social Structure: toward the codification of theory and research. Glencoe (Illinois): Free Press, 1949; tr. it. Teoria e Struttura Sociale. Bologna: il Mulino, 2000.
NOZICK, R. Anarchy, State and Utopia. New York: Basic Books, 1974; tr. it. Anarchia, Stato e Utopia. Quanto Stato ci serve?. Milano: Il Saggiatore, 2000.
PAUGAM, S.. Les forms élémentaires de la pauvreté. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2005; tr. it. Le forme elementary della povertà. Bologna: il Mulino, 2013.
PIKETTY, T., , Le Capital au XXIe siècle. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 2013; tr. it. Il Capitale nel XXI secolo. Milano: Bompiani, 2014.
RAE, D.W.; YATES, D. Equalities. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press, 1981.
RAWLS, J. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press, 1971; tr. it. Una Teoria della Giustizia. Milano: Feltrinelli, 1982.
RAWLS, J., Political Liberalis. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993; tr. it. Liberalismo Politico. Torino: Einaudi, 2012.
RIVA, N. Equal Chances and Equal Options: Two conceptions of Equality of Opportunity. Ratio Juris, 28, 2, p. 293-306, 2015.
RIVA, N. Egalitarismi. Concezioni contemporanee della giustizia. Torino: Giappichelli, 2016.
ROSENFELD, M. Teorie della Giustizia. In: Enciclopedia delle Scienze Sociali. Roma: Istituto dell’Enciclopedia Italiana Treccani, 2001.
SEN, A. K. Inequality Reexamined. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992, tr. it. La diseguaglianza. Un riesame critico. Bologna: il Mulino, 1997.
SENNETT, R. Respect in a World of Inequality. New York: Norton and Company, 2003; tr. it. Rispetto. La dignità umana in un mondo di diseguali. Bologna: il Mulino, 2004.
SOMAINI, E. Uguaglianza. Teorie, politiche, problemi. Roma: Donzelli Editore, 2002.
SOMAINI, E. Paradigmi dell’eguaglianza, Roma-Bari: Laterza, 2005.
SREENIVASAN, G. Equality, Opportunity, Ambiguity. Politics, Philosophy and Economics, 13, 1, p. 82-92, 2014.
STIGLITZ, J. The Great Divide. Unequal Societies and What We Can Do About Them, 2015; tr. it. La Grande Frattura. La diseguaglianza e i modi per sconfiggerla. Torino: Giulio Einaudi editore, 2016.
TAYLOR, C. The Politics of Recognition. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press, 1992; tr. it. in Multiculturalismo. Lotte per il riconoscimento. Milano: Feltrinelli, 1998.
TUORTO, D. Esclusione Sociale. Uno sguardo sociologico. Milano-Torino: Pearson Italia, 2017.
WALZER, M. Spheres of Justice: A defense of Pluralism and Equality. New York: Basic Books, 1983; tr. it. Sfere di Giustizia. Roma-Bari: Laterza, 2008.
WESTEN, P. The Empty Idea of Equality. Harvard Law Review, 95 (3), pp. 537-596, 1982.
WESTEN, P. The Concept of Equal Opportunity. Ethics, n. 95, p. 837-850, 1985.
YOUNG, I. M. Justice and the Politics of Difference. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press, 1990; tr. it. Le Politiche della Differenza. Milano: Feltrinelli, 1996.
YOUNG, M. The Rise of the Meritocracy 1870-2033: An Essay on Education and Equality. London, Thames and Hudson, 1958; tr. it. L’avvento della Meritocrazia. Roma/Ivrea: Comunità Editrice, 2014.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Carmelo Bruni
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the articles published in Mackenzie Law Review belongs to the authors, who grant Mackenzie Presbyterian University the rights of publication of the contents, and the assignment takes effect upon submission of the article, or work in similar form, to the electronic system of institutional publications. The journal reserves the right to make normative, orthographic, and grammatical alterations to the originals, with the aim of maintaining the cultured standard of the language, respecting, however, the style of the authors. The content reported and the opinions expressed by the authors of the articles are their exclusive responsibility.