Uso dos Espaços Urbanos pelas Crianças: Uma Revisão
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Resumo
O espaço ao ar livre tem se mostrado importante para o desenvolvimento infantil por oportunizar habilidades físicas, sociais e afetivas. Mudanças sociais, econômicas e espaciais, contudo, têm interferido no comportamento de uso de tais espaços, podendo trazer prejuízos à saúde e ao desenvolvimento das crianças. Esta revisão bibliográfica teve como objetivo investigar os fatores que têm sido apontados pelos pesquisadores como intervenientes no uso de tais espaços. Foram analisados os estudos publicados no período de 2005 a julho de 2010 em duas bases de dados (Science Direct e PsycNet). Os resultados foram agrupados em categorias, sendo que são três os principais eixos temáticos que norteiam as pesquisas sobre a relação criança-espaço urbano: 1) o contexto sócio-físico dos espaços urbanos, 2) a percepção parental do bairro e da vizinhança e 3) a percepção da própria criança usuária dos espaços destinados ao lazer; havendo uma predominância do primeiro eixo. Os resultados apontam que vários são os fatores intervenientes, entre eles, as condições de planejamento, psicossociais e físicas. Contudo, verificou-se pouca atenção ao estudo da relação crianças e espaços ao ar livre. Isto gerou dados pouco conclusivos.
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