Diferencias En La Conducta Adaptativa Entre Niños Y Adolescentes Con Trastorno Del Espectro Del Autismo Y Aquellos Con Desarrollo Típico Y Efectos De Las Características Sociodemográficas
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Las conductas adaptativas (CA) son habilidades que ofrecen autonomía al individuo y pueden verse afectadas por diferentes diagnósticos, como el Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA). El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar las diferencias en AC entre niños y adolescentes de 4 a 21 años diagnosticados con TEA, TEA y otras condiciones de salud, e individuos con desarrollo típico, y verificar los efectos de las variables sociodemográficas sobre los resultados de AC en los individuos con TEA. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 309 cuidadores de niños y adolescentes de 4 a 21 años divididos en un grupo no clínico (n = 181) y dos subgrupos clínicos, uno para TEA (n = 47) y otro para TEA con comorbilidades (n = 81). Se realizaron ANOVA y pruebas T, seguidos del proceso de arranque para garantizar la normalidad y homogeneidad de los resultados. Se identificaron déficits significativos en personas diagnosticadas con TEA en los tres dominios de la CA. Al comparar subgrupos clínicos, el dominio práctico mostró una diferencia significativa. En el dominio conceptual se observó un efecto de la educación del encuestado y del tipo de escuela del niño y adolescente. El sexo, por otra parte, solo tuvo un efecto en el ámbito práctico. Se concluye que existe diferencia en el comportamiento adaptativo de los individuos con TEA en los tres dominios, así como los efectos de las características sociodemográficas. Sin embargo, se deben realizar nuevas investigaciones para considerar otras variables que puedan influir en los hallazgos, ofreciendo mayor confiabilidad a los resultados.
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