Differences In Adaptive Behavior Between Children And Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder And Those With Typical Development And Effects Of Sociodemographic Characteristics
Main Article Content
Abstract
Adaptive behavior (AB) concerns skills that enable individuals to be independent. It may be affected by different diagnoses, including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This study’s objective was to investigate AB differences between children and adolescents aged 4 to 21 with ASD only, ASD with other health conditions, and those with typical development and to verify the effects of sociodemographic variables on AB outcomes among individuals with ASD. The sample comprised the caregivers of 309 children and adolescents aged 4 to 21 assigned to a non-clinical group (n = 181) and two clinical subgroups: one for ASD only (n = 47) and the other for ASD with comorbidities (n = 81). ANOVA and T-tests were performed, followed by a bootstrap process to ensure the normality and homogeneity of results. Significant deficits were found in the individuals diagnosed with ASD in all three domains of AB. A significant difference was found in the practical domain between the clinical subgroups. The respondents’ educational level and the type of school children and adolescents attended affected the conceptual domain. Sex, on the other hand, only showed an effect in the practical domain. The conclusion is that individuals with ASD present differences in the three domains of adaptive behavior, and sociodemographic characteristics also play a role. However, further studies considering other variables that may influence the findings are needed, to ensure greater reliability of the results.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright to articles published in The Journal Of Psychology: Theory and Practice belongs to the authors, who grant Mackenzie Presbyterian University the not exclusive rights to publish the content.
References
American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education (eds.). (2014). Standards for educational and psychological testing. American Educational Research Association.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed. text revised). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787
Badia, M., Pérez, B., Orgaz, B. M., & Gómez-Vela, M. (2023). Leisure education in youth with developmental disabilities: Effects on individual quality of life, adaptive behavior, and family quality of life. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/17446295231168442
Balboni, G., Tassé, M. J., Schalock, R. L., Borthwick-Duffy, S. A., Spreat, S., Thissen, D., Widaman, K. F., Zhang, D., & Navas, P. (2014) The diagnostic adaptive behavior scale: evaluating its diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35(11), 2884-2893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.07.032
Bradshaw, J., Gillespie, S., Klaiman, C., Klin, A., Saulnier, C. (2019). Early emergence of discrepancy in adaptive behavior and cognitive skills in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 23(6), 1485-1496. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361318815662
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
de Giambattista, C., Ventura, P., Trerotoli, P., Margari, F., Margari, L. (2021). Sex
Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Focus on High Functioning Children and Adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.539835
Field, A. (2018). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS (5th Ed.), SAGE: London.
Golya, N., & McIntyre, L. L. (2018). Variability in adaptive behavior in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 43(1), 102-111. https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2017.1287886
Gonçalves, H. A., Viapiana, V. F., Abreu, E. S., Sartori, M. S., & Fonseca, R. P. (2019). Desempenho escolar e desenvolvimento cognitivo e linguístico. In L. M. Stein, C. H. Giacomoni, & R. P. Fonseca (Coords.), TDE II: Livro de Instruções (1º ed., pp. 19-26). Vetor Editora.
Hallberg, S. C. M. (2019). Adaptação transcultural para o português brasileiro, evidência de validade e estimativa de fidedignidade da Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale (DABS) (Tese de doutorado não publicada). Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.
Hallberg, S. C. M., & Bandeira, D. R. (2021). Para Além do QI: Avaliação do Comportamento Adaptativo na Deficiência Intelectual. Avaliação Psicológica, 20(3), 361-368. http://dx.doi.org/10.15689/ap.2021.2003.19733.10
Haukoos, J. S., & Lewis, R. J. (2005). Advanced statistics: Bootstrapping confidence intervals for statistics with "difficult" distributions. Academic Emergency Medicine, 12, 360-365.
Ibrahim, N., El-abdeen, A. M. Z., Ng, F., Zoromba, M., & Haikal, A. (2020). Socio-economic and demographic factors associated with adaptive behaviour among children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder in Egypt. Middle East Current Psychiatry, 27(38), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-020-00047-8
Ilan, M., Faroy, M., Zachor, D., Manelis, L., Waissengreen, D., Michaelovski, A., Avni, I., Menashe, I., Koller, J., Dinstein, I., & Meiri, G. (2023). Children with autism exhibit similar longitudinal changes in core symptoms when placed in special or mainstream education settings. Autism, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613221142394
Jordan, A. K., Thomeer, M. L., Lopata, C., Donnelly, J.P., Rodgers, J.D., & McDonald, C.A. (2019). Informant Discrepancies in the Assessment of Adaptive Behavior of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(5), 2024-2034. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-03876-z
Kanne, S. M., Gerber, A.J., Quirmbach, L.M., Sparrow, S.S., Cicchetti, D.V., & Saulnier, C.A. (2011). The role of adaptive behavior in autism spectrum disorders: implications for functional outcome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(8), 1007-1018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1126-4
Kodak, T., & Bergmann, S. (2020). Autism Spectrum Disorder: Characteristics, Associated Behaviors, and Early Intervention. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 67(3), 525-535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2020.02.00
Lai, M. C., Lombardo, M. V., Auyeung, B., Chakrabarti, B., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2015) Sex/gender differences and autism: setting the scene for future research. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(1), 11-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.10.003
Lopata, C., Fox, J. D., Thomeer, M. L., Smith, R. S., Volker, M. A., Kessel, C. K., McDonald, C. A., & Lee, G. K. (2012) ABAS-II Ratings and Correlates of Adaptive Behavior in Children with HFASDs. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 24, 391–402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-012-9277-1
Lopata, C., Smith, R. A., Volker, M. A., Thomeer ,M. L., Lee, G. K., & McDonald, C. A. (2013). Comparison of Adaptive Behavior Measures for Children with HFASDs. Autism Research and Treatment, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/415989
Maenner, M. J., Shaw, K. A., Bakian, A. V., Bilder, D. A., Durkin, S. M., Esler, A., Furnier, S. M., Hallas, L., Hall-Lande, J., Hudson, A., Hughes, M. M., Patrick, M., Pierce, K., Poynter, J. N., Salinas, A., Shenouda, J., Vehorn, A., Warren, Z.,... & Cogswell, M. E. (2021). Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Surveill Summ 2021; 70(11), 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss7011a1
Mahendiran, T., Dupuis, A., Crosbie, J., Georgiades, S., Kelley, E., Liu, X., Nicolson, R., Schachar, R., Anagnostou, E., Brian, J. (2019). Sex Differences in Social Adaptive Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00607
Martínez, M. Y., Rueda, C. S. & Pérez, M. J. D. (2022). Teachers of learners with ASD in mainstream schools and classrooms in Spain: attitudes towards inclusive education. British Journal of Special Education, 50(1), 104-126. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8578.12448
McDonald, C. A., Lopata, C., Nasca, B. C. Donnelly, J. P., Thomeer, M. L., & Rodgers, J. D. (2016). ABAS-II Adaptive Profiles and Correlates in Samples of Children with HFASD or LFASD. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 28, 769–783. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-016-9508-y
Mecca, T. P., Dias, N. M., Reppold, C. T., Muniz, M., Gomes, C. M. A., Fioravanti-Bastos, A. C. M., Yates, D. B., Carreiro, L. R. R., & Macedo, E. C. (2015). Funcionamento Adaptativo: Panorama Nacional e Avaliação com o Adaptive Behavior Assessment System. Revista Psicologia: Teoria E Prática, 17(2), 107–122. https://doi.org/10.15348/1980-6906/psicologia.v17n2p107-122
Mecca, T. P., Tafla, T. L., Bueno, F. M. B., Valentini, F., Bassetto, S. A., & Teixeira, M. C. T. V. (2022). Transcultural adaptation of the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS-3). International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 0(0), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2022.2137953
Mehling, M. H., & Tassé, M. J. (2016). Severity of Autism Spectrum Disorders: Current Conceptualization, and Transition to DSM-5. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(6), 2000-2016. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787
Miniarikova, E., Audras-Torrent, L., Berard, M., Peries, M., Picot, M. C., Munir, K., & Baghdadli, A. (2023). Adaptive behaviors and related factors in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Journal of Psychiatric Research, 163, 43-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.05.013
Nishimura, T., Takahashi, N., Okumura, A., Harada, T., Iwabuchi, T., Nakayasu, C., Rahman, M. S., Uchiyama, S., Wakuta, M., Nomura, Y., Takei, N., Senju, A., Tsuchiya, K. J. (2023). Sex differences in neurodevelopmental trajectories in children with different levels of autistic traits. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 77(5), 282-289. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13529
Pathak, M., Bennett, A., & Shui, A. M. (2017). Correlates of adaptive behavior profiles in a large cohort of children with autism: The autism speaks Autism Treatment Network registry data. Autism, 23(1), 87-99. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361317733113
Perry, A., Flanagan, H. E., Geier J. D., & Freeman, N. L. (2009). Brief report: the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales in young children with autism spectrum disorders at different cognitive levels. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(7), 1066-1078. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0704-9
Pugliese, C.E., Anthony, L., Strang, J.F., Dudley, K., Wallace, G. L., & Kenworthy, L. (2015). Increasing Adaptive Behavior Skill Deficits From Childhood to Adolescence in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Role of Executive Function. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45, 1579–1587. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2309-1
Quezada-Ugalde, A. M., García-Hernández, A. M., Maya-Barrios, J. A., & Auza-Benavides, A. (2023). Consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on child development: An integrative literature review. Aquichán, 23(3), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2023.23.3.2
Ratto, A. B., Kenworthy, L., Yerys, B. E., Bascom, J., Wieckowski, A. T., White, S. W., Wallace, G. L., Pugliese, C., Schultz, R. T., Ollendick, T. H., Scarpa, A., Seese, S., Register-Brown, K., Martin, A., & Anthony, L. G. (2018). What about the girls? Sex-based differences in autistic traits and adaptive skills. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(5), 1698–1711. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3413-9
Ray-Subramanian, C. E., Huai, N., & Weismer, S. E. (2011). Brief report: adaptive behavior and cognitive skills for toddlers on the autism spectrum. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(5), 679-684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1083-y
Romero, T. G. R., Fernández-Blazquez, M. L., Rueda, C. S. & Sarrionandia, G. E. (2022). Inclusive Education of Students with ASD: a Systematic Review of the Research. Siglo Cero, 53(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.14201/scero2022531115135
Rynkiewicz, A., Schuller, B., Marchi, E., Piana, S., Camurri, A., Lassalle, A., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2016). An investigation of the ‘female camouflage effect’ in autism using a computerized ADOS-2 and a test of sex/gender differences. Molecular Autism, 10(7), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-016-0073-0
Sainato, D. M., Morrison, R. S., Jung, S., Axe, J. & Nixon, P. A. (2015). A Comprehensive Inclusion Program for Kindergarten Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Early Intervention, 37(3), 208–225. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053815115613836
Sampaio, B., & Guimarães, J. (2009). Diferenças de eficiência entre ensino público e privado no Brasil. Economia Aplicada, 13(1), 45-68. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-80502009000100003
Saulnier, C. A., Klaiman, C., & McQueen, E. (2022) Adaptive Behavior Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Current Psychiatry Reports, 24, 749–756. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-022-01381-w
Schalock, R. L., Borthwick-Duffy, S. A., Bradley, V. J., Buntinx, W. H. E., Coulter, D; L., Craig, E. M., Gomez, S. C., Lachapelle, Y., Luckasson, R., Reeve, A., Shogren, K. A., Snell, M. E., Spreat, S., Tasse, M, J., Thompson, J. R., Verdugo-Alonso, M. A.,
Wehmeyer, M. L., & Yeager, M. H. (2021). Intellectual Disability: Definition, Classification, and Systems of Supports (12th ed.). American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. https://doi: 10.1097/DBP.0b013e31825e2492
Schneider, S., Clément, C., Goltzene, M. A., Meyer, N., Gras-Vincendon, A., Schröder, C. M., & Coutelle, R. (2022). Determinants of the evolutions of behaviours, school adjustment and quality of life in autistic children in an adapted school setting: an exploratory study with the International Classification of Functioning, disability and health (ICF). BMC Psychiatry, 22(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-03924-0
Sharabi, A., & Marom-Golan, D. (2018). Social Support, Education Levels, and Parents’ Involvement: A Comparison Between Mothers and Fathers of Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 38(1), 54–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271121418762511
Schütz, A. (2022). Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale: métodos de aplicação, concordância entre juízes e validade convergente. (Dissertação de mestrado publicada). Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.
Tajuddin, N. E. H. M., Idris, M. T. M., Adrian, L., A., Salman, F. S. H., Sabri, M. Q. M., Dahlan, A. (2022). The Utilisation of Adaptive Behaviour Assessment Among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 9(9), 367-376. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9091355
Tassé, J. M., Schalock, R. L., Balboni, G., Bersani, H., Borthwick-Duffy, S. A.. Spreat, S., Thissen, D., Widaman, K. F., & Zhang, D. (2012). The construct of adaptive behavior: its conceptualization, measurement, and use in the field of intellectual disability. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 117(4), 291-303. https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-117.4.291
Tassé, M. J., Schalock, R. L., Balboni, G., Spreat, S., & Navas, P. (2016a) Validity and reliability of the Diagnostic Adaptive Behaviour Scale. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 60(1), 80-88. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12239
Tassé, M. J., Schalock, R. L., Thissen, D., Balboni, G., Bersani, H., Borthwick-Duffy, S. A., Spreat, S., Widaman, K. F., Zhang, D., & Navas, P. (2016b). Development and Standardization of the Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale: Application of Item Response Theory to the Assessment of Adaptive Behavior. American Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 121(2), 79–94. https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-121.2.79
Tubío-Fungueiriño, M., Cruz, S., Sampaio, A., Carracedo, A., & Fernández-Prieto, M. (2021). Social camouflaging in females with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(7), 2190–2199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04695-x
Wang, S. H., Zhou, Q., Chen, K. Y., Ceng, C. Q., Zhan, G. D., You, C., Xing, Y., Zou, Y. Y., & Deng, H. Z. (2023). Cognitive-adaptive functioning gap and mediating factors that impact adaptive functioning in Chinese preschool-aged children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53(6), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-06029-z
Ward, A.R., Pratt, M., Lane, D.M., Aman, M. G., Loveland, K. A., Mansour, R., & Pearson, D. A. (2022). Adaptive Behavior Function in Autism: Association with ADHD and ASD Symptoms. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 34, 919–935. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-021-09831-8
Weitlauf, A.S., Gotham, K.O., Vehorn, A.C., & Warren, Z. E. (2014). Brief Report: DSM-5 “Levels of Support:” A Comment on Discrepant Conceptualizations of Severity in ASD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44, 471–476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1882-z
White, E. I., Wallace, G. L., Bascom, J., Armour, A. C., Register-Brown, K., Popal, H. S., Ratto, A. B., Martin, A., & Kenworthy, L. (2017). Sex differences in parent-reported executive functioning and adaptive behavior in children and young adults with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research, 10(10), 1653-1662. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1811
Yang, S., Paynter, J. M., & Gilmore, L. (2016). Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales: II Profile of Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46, 64–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2543-1