Experiences of Users of Pro-Eating Disorder Online Communities and Their Effects on Eating Behavior: A Scoping Review
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Abstract
There is growing concern regarding the proliferation of websites associated with the pro-anorexia and pro-bulimia movement, which promote eating disorders (EDs) as a lifestyle. This scoping review aimed to examine the evidence available in the scientific literature concerning the experiences of users of proeating disorders virtual communities and the effects of these experiences on eating behavior. Systematic searches were conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL/EBSCO, and LILACS databases from 2013 to 2023. From a total of 1370 articles initially retrieved, 10 primary studies conducted in six different countries were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, comprising 20,266 adolescent, young, and adult participants, the majority of whom were women. The results indicate a predominance of cross-sectional studies with a qualitative focus. Exposure to digital platform content that glorifies and celebrates the ideal of extreme thinness is associated with probable ED diagnoses among users. The motivation for engagement in these social media platforms involves the search for acceptance, belonging, and protection against social stigmatization, particularly among users with an active disorder. Regarding the impacts on users’ well-being, the findings suggest a possible worsening of body image dissatisfaction. However, they also highlight the potential influence of virtual groups on the recovery process, as participation in these communities provides members with a sense of personal agency, reinforcing their motivation for change.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
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