FORMS OF REINCLUSION IN FUNCTIONALLY DIFFERENTIATED SOCIETY
EXCLUSION AS A SELF-REFERENTIAL PROBLEM AND THE REINCLUSION/ RE-EXCLUSION DYNAMICS
Abstract
In this paper the problem of social exclusion and reinclusion in modern society is discussed from a systems perspective. It is suggested the hypothesis that the elaboration of social exclusion as an operative problem by partial systems is self-referential and that reinclusion is conditioned by the social integration inherent to functional differentiation. In methodological terms, it is proposed to situate the processes of reinclusion at a specific level of analysis and to observe their dynamics there by distinguishing reinclusion/re-exclusion.
References
ARCHER, M. Social Integration and System Integration: Developing the Distinction. Sociology, v. 30, n. 4, 1996, p. 679–699.
BOHN, C. Inclusion and exclusion: Theories and findings. From exclusion from the community to including exclusion. In: GESTRICH, A.; RAPHAEL, L.; UERLINGS, H. (Eds.). Inklusion/Exklusion. Studien zu Fremdheit und Armut von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart. Frankfurt a.M.: Lang, 2008, p. 35-53.
BORA, A. “Wer gehört dazu?” Überlegungen zur Theorie der Inklusion. In: HELLMANN, K-U.; SCHMALZ-BRUNS, R. (Hrsg.). Theorie der Politik: Niklas Luhmanns politische Soziologie. Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp, 2002, p. 60-84
CADENAS, H. La desigualdad de la sociedad. Diferenciación y desigualdad en la sociedad moderna. Persona y sociedad, v. 26, n. 2, 2012, p. 51-77.
CARBALLO, F. Niklas Luhmann y la barbarie: Consideraciones inclusión y exclusión en la era planetaria. In: ESTRADA SAAVEDRA, M.; MILLÁN, R. (Coords.). La teoría de los sistemas de Niklas Luhmann a prueba. Horizontes de aplicación en la investigación social en América Latina. México: COLMEX-UNAM, 2012.
ESTRADA SAAVEDRA, M. Sistemas de protesta. Esbozo de un modelo no accionalista para el estudio de los movimientos sociales. Tomo I. México D.F.: CES-COLMEX. 2015
GIDDENS, A. The Constitution of Society. Cambridge: Polity Press. 1984.
HABERMAS, J. Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns. 2 Bde. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp. 1981.
LOCKWOOD, D. Social integration and system integration. In: ZOLLSCHAN G.; HIRSCH, W. (Comps.). Explorations in Social Change. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1964, p. 244-257.
LUHMANN, N. Soziale Systeme. Grundriß einer allgemeinen Theorie. Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp. 1984.
LUHMANN, N. Die Gesellschaft der Gesellschaft. Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp. 1997
LUHMANN, N. Inclusión y exclusión. In: LUHMANN, N. Contingencia y modernidad. Barcelona: Trotta, 1998a, p. 167-195.
LUHMANN, N. La diferenciación de la sociedad. In: LUHMANN, N. Contingencia y modernidad. Barcelona: Trotta, 1998b, P. 71-98.
MCCARTHY, Th. Complexity and Democracy: or the Seducements of Systems Theory. In: HONNETH, A.; JOAS, H. Communicative Action. Essays on Jürgen Habermas´s The Theory of Communicative Action. Cambridge: MT Press, 1991, p. 119-139.
MASCAREÑO, A. Die Moderne Lateinamerikas. Weltgesellschaft, Region und funktionale Differenzierung. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag. 2012.
MOUZELIS, N. Social and System Integration: Some Reflections on a Fundamental Distinction. The British Journal of Sociology, v. 25, n. 4, 1974, p. 395-409.
MOUZELIS, N. Social and System Integration: Habermas' View. The British Journal of Sociology, v. 43, n. 2, 1992, p. 267-288.
MOUZELIS, N. Social and System Integration: Lockwood, Habermas, Giddens. Sociology, v. 31, n. 1, 1997, p. 111–119.
RASCH, W. Niklas Luhmann´s Modernity. The Paradoxes of Differentiation. California: Stanford University Press. 2000.
ROBLES, F. Contramodernidad y desigualdad social: Individualización e individuación, inclusión/exclusión y construcción de identidad. La necesidad de una sociología de la exclusión. MAD, n. 12, 2005, p. 27-57.
SCHIMANK, U.. Funktionale Differenzierung und soziale Ungleichhet: die zwei Gesellachaftstheorien und ihre konflikttheoretische Verknüpfung. In: GIEGEL, H-J (Ed.): Konflikt in modernen Gesellschaften, Frankfurt, 1998, p. 61-88.
STÄHELI, U. Die Nachträglichkeit der Semantik. Zum Verhältnis von Sozialstruktur und Semantik. Soziale Systeme, v. 4, n. 2, 1998, p. 315-340.
STÄHELI, U. The Popular in the Political System, Cultural Studies, v. 17, n. 2, 2003, p. 275-299.
STAMFORD DA SILVA, A. y FARÍAS SILVA, M. Sex professionals in Latin America: Observing stakeholder participation through the form of legal/illegal/non-legal differentiation. Oñati Socio-legal Series, v. 11, n. 6, 2021, p. 48–81
STICHWEH, R. Inklusion und Exklusion. Studien zur Gesellschaftstheorie. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag. 2005.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Sergio Pignuoli Ocampo, Matías Palacios
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the articles published in Mackenzie Law Review belongs to the authors, who grant Mackenzie Presbyterian University the rights of publication of the contents, and the assignment takes effect upon submission of the article, or work in similar form, to the electronic system of institutional publications. The journal reserves the right to make normative, orthographic, and grammatical alterations to the originals, with the aim of maintaining the cultured standard of the language, respecting, however, the style of the authors. The content reported and the opinions expressed by the authors of the articles are their exclusive responsibility.