Factores Explicativos de la Ocurrencia de Acciones Delictivas en la Edad Adulta en una Muestra de Adolescentes Judicializados
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La identificación de factores capaces de explicar la práctica delictiva permite comprender el fenómeno y promover acciones de prevención más efectivas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar cuáles son los factores explicativos que aumentan las posibilidades de que los individuos que han pasado por el sistema socioeducativo cometan una acción delictiva en la edad adulta, además de verificar si estos factores aceleran la ocurrencia de este desenlace. Se analizaron los antecedentes penales de 350 adolescentes que pasaron por el sistema socioeducativo después de un promedio de 4,8 años de cumplir 18 años. Los análisis estadísticos incluyeron curvas de Kaplan-Meier, prueba de rank y regresión de Cox para evaluar el impacto de la institucionalización, la agresividad manifiesta, la impulsividad, los pares antisociales, el tiempo conjunto en familia, el retraso escolar, el consumo de alcohol y el consumo de marihuana. Los resultados indicaron que las variables de institucionalización (OR 2,31), agresividad manifiesta (OR 1,54), impulsividad (OR 1,37) y pares antisociales (OR 1,57) aumentaron la aceleración de la ocurrencia de la acción delictiva y la probabilidad de su ocurrencia. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados en términos de comprensión del fenómeno y la necesidad de acciones preventivas dirigidas a las variables indicadas por el estudio.
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