Instrumentos de Personalidad y Temperamento en la Infancia y la Adolescencia: Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura y Minería de Texto
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El estudio de los rasgos de personalidad y el temperamento en niños y adolescentes ha sido un tema relevante en las últimas dos décadas. Uno de los principales desafíos está relacionado con cómo medir estos rasgos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo llevar a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura para comprender cómo se evalúan los rasgos de personalidad y el temperamento en la infancia y la adolescencia. Además, se emplearon técnicas de minería de texto para analizar los elementos de los cuestionarios encontrados. La búsqueda se realizó en las siguientes bases de datos de literatura electrónica: APA, Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Science y BVS. Se incluyeron estudios con evidencia de validez de la estructura interna para cuestionarios de personalidad y temperamento en individuos de 6 a 17 años. Solo se consideraron muestras con desarrollo típico. Se observaron tendencias históricas que sugieren el uso de rasgos de personalidad en estudios más recientes. En general, el modelo más utilizado para la personalidad fue el modelo de los cinco grandes factores, y para el temperamento, el modelo tridimensional. Se identificaron los términos más comunes para los rasgos de personalidad y sus patrones de coocurrencia. Los resultados obtenidos pueden ayudar a identificar los temas más comunes para evaluar los rasgos en niños y adolescentes. En consecuencia, los estudios de construcción de instrumentos pueden intentar mantener la comparabilidad con la literatura o explorar la evaluación de características menos exploradas.
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