El Impacto del Apoyo Social en la Salud Cognitiva de Adultos Mayores Residentes en el Distrito Federal (Brasil): Un Análisis Exploratorio
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El envejecimiento cognitivo saludable es multifactorial. La interacción social y un estilo de vida adecuado influyen positivamente en la función cognitiva. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la relación entre el apoyo social y la función cognitiva en personas mayores de una comunidad del Distrito Federal, desde una perspectiva cuantitativa, exploratoria y de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 58 personas mayores, con una edad media de 70,63 años (DE = 6,87). Se emplearon instrumentos para la recolección de información sociodemográfica, así como herramientas cognitivas y psicológicas. Las medidas cognitivas utilizadas fueron el Examen Cognitivo de Addenbrooke (ACE-R), la Prueba de Percepción Subjetiva de la Memoria (MAC-Q) y el Cuestionario de Memoria Prospectiva y Retrospectiva (PMRQ). Las medidas psicológicas incluyeron el APGAR Familiar y la Escala de Desarrollo Personal (EDEP). El análisis de los datos se realizó con el software R. Los resultados mostraron congruencia entre el modelo hipotético y los datos observados: χ2(8) = 23,523, p < 0,0001; CFI = 0,89; TLI = 0,95; RMSEA = 0,04 (IC 95% = 0,00– 0,06); SRMR = 0,07. Estos índices sugieren un ajuste adecuado del modelo a los datos. En consecuencia, se recomienda la implementación de programas que aborden el apoyo familiar, el desarrollo personal y la educación, con el fin de promover la salud cognitiva, especialmente en poblaciones con mayor riesgo de deterioro.
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