Efectos de Mindfulness Sobre la Impulsividad y Gratificación Retrasada en Niños Preescolares: Un Estudio Piloto
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Este estudio investigó los efectos de una intervención basada en la atención plena sobre la impulsividad y la gratificación retrasada de los niños en edad pre-escolar. Se adoptó un diseño cuasi-experimental pretest-postest. La muestra incluyó a 22 niños de entre 4 y 5 años, sus principales cuidadores y sus profesoras. Los participantes fueron asignados a dos grupos: intervención (n = 11) y comparación (n = 11). Una escala estandarizada midió la impulsividad y dos tareas realizadas por los niños evaluaron la tolerancia al retraso de la gratificación. La intervención constó de 26 sesiones de prácticas de mindfulness implementadas en pequeños grupos en la escuela. Las prácticas incluyeron la atención plena de la respiración y del cuerpo, entre otras. Los análisis de datos se realizaron mediante estadística descriptiva, análisis de covarianza y ANOVA de modelo mixto (2x2). Los resultados mostraron que la práctica de atención plena disminuyó la impulsividad de los niños, según lo informado por las profesoras. La práctica de atención plena disminuye la impulsividad en el aula; por lo tanto, también debe practicarse en casa para lograr resultados similares en este contexto específico.
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