Instrumentos de Evaluación del Estigma Percibido y el Estigma Experimentado en Enfermedades Mentales: Una Revisión Sistemática
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Con el objetivo de investigar qué instrumentos son más utilizados en la medición del estigma de la enfermedad mental (EEM) percibido y experimentado en adultos, así como las variables que pueden moderar o interferir en los resultados de la evaluación, 101 artículos fueron sistemáticamente extraídos en las bases de datos electrónicas (MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science y PsycINFO). Los resultados revelaron que existen cinco instrumentos comúnmente utilizados para medir el EEM. Al considerar los efectos asociativos más comprobados y reportados sobre el estigma, la edad y la severidad de los síntomas fueron identificadas como variables potencialmente intervinientes. Otras variables, como el sexo, diagnóstico y condición de tratamiento (internación/ambulatorio) fueron evaluadas en pocos estudios y presentaron resultados inconsistentes. Estos hallazgos sugieren que trabajos futuros deben utilizar instrumentos consolidados en la literatura para evaluar el EEM, así como para la adaptación transcultural de instrumentos que evalúen el EEM, ya que ninguno de los instrumentos presentados en esta revisión ha sido validado para la población brasileña.
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