Effects of a Behavioral Intervention for Body Dissatisfaction Among Women

Main Article Content

Amanda Santos de Souza
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9874-2541
Paulo Coelho Castelo Branco
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4071-3411
Liana Rosa Elias
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1176-0406

Abstract

Aesthetic standards produce body dissatisfaction in women, damaging their relationship with their bodies. This study qualitatively investigated the effects of a short-term online behavior-analytic intervention for a group of four women who were dissatisfied with their body image. The data presented is an evaluation of the results of the action research design, collected in a final interview with the participants. The sample was non-probabilistic, conducted by active search and had the following inclusion criteria: identify as a woman (cis or trans); be at least 18 years old; have severe or moderate dissatisfaction - measured by the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), and have made at least one attempt at body modification at least two years ago through diet and invasive or minimally invasive aesthetic procedures. Four women took part in five psychotherapy sessions lasting 90 minutes each, twice a week during the month of September 2022. The effects of this intervention were assessed using a semi-structured interview and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). The data was analyzed through content analysis and discussed from the perspective of Behavior Analysis, through the following categories of analysis: the experience of the psychotherapeutic sessions; changes in the relationship with the body and appearance; qualitative analysis of the BSQ, effects and behavioral variation after the intervention; evaluation of the intervention modality; evaluation of the therapist and the therapeutic process; and last, critical notes and possibilities for improvement. The intervention minimized the intensity of body dissatisfaction and promoted changes in the relationship with the body among the participants. The main effects were: an increase in self-care and self-compassion behaviors; a minimization of negative/deprecating self-descriptions about themselves and them one's body; an increase in positive/valorative self-descriptions; a broadening of personal perception beyond objective appearance; recognition of the functional variables on which the behaviors involved in body dissatisfaction; identification of cultural elements as promoters of body dissatisfaction; an increase in psychological flexibility and valued behaviors and a broadening of the self-knowledge repertoire. It is concluded that the behavioral approach, in the online, brief and group modality to treat demands related to body dissatisfaction among women is a promising clinical alternative, with positive therapeutic effects.

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Article Details

Section
Clinical Psychology
Author Biographies

Amanda Santos de Souza, Federal University of Bahia, Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Graduate Program in Health Psychology, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil

Master in Health Psychology from the Graduate Program in Health Psychology (PPGPS) – Professional Master’s Degree. Specialist in Emergency Care through the Multiprofessional Residency Program in Emergency (UFBA). Postgraduate training in Online Psychological On‑Call Services (UFSB). Training in Clinical Behavioral Analysis.

Liana Rosa Elias, Federal University of Ceará, Department of Psychology, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil

Tenured Professor in the Psychology Program at the Federal University of Ceará. External Permanent Faculty Member of the Professional Master’s Program in Health Psychology at the Federal University of Bahia. Trained in Behavioral Therapy. Specialist in Neuropsychology by Unichristus and by the Federal Council of Psychology. Master in Psychology from the Federal University of Ceará. PhD in Medical Sciences at the Federal University of Ceará.

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