Amazonian biourbanisms
the millennial pre-colonial Amazonian anthromes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5935/cadernospos.v25n2p66-80Keywords:
Bio-urbanism, Spatial structuring of the territory, Territorial typological process, Socio-political systems, Formative modelsAbstract
In last decades, literature has been exploring novel concepts such as bio-urbanism and biomimicry as potential solutions to bioclimatic challenges. Bio-urbanism posits that cities should not be perceived as antithetical to nature, but rather as highly modified biomes shaped by human activity. At the 20th century, it was widely believed that forests hindered the development of complex societies; however, recent archaeological studies have shed light on how, in the pre-colonial Amazon, humans were able to sustain themselves for millennia through various bio-urbanism strategies. This paper aims to analyze the structural formation of Amazonian anthromes, utilizing the concepts and tools of the Italian School of Morphology with regard to the theory of spatial structuring of the territory and the territorial typological process, considering factors such as social organization, mobility, and transformative capacity. The findings suggest that the Amazon region exhibited a spatial mosaic characterized by an irregular distribution of cultural areas and well-defined territorial types associated with both complex socio-political systems and minimalist socio-political systems. Irrespective of their complexity, a process of positive feedback was observed in the Amazonian anthromes, which underwent profound alterations at the onset of their consolidation cycle due to the influence of European formative models.
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