Bioethics and forensic medicine in the investigation of Sexual violence: an interdisciplinary approach

Abstract

Sexual violence is a severe public health issue impacting individuals of all ages and genders, causing profound physical and psychological effects. This study aims to examine the interface between bioethics, law, and forensic medicine in the context of sexual violence, addressing the challenges and perspectives of forensic practice in investigating such cases. A descriptive and exploratory narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Lilacs databases, focusing on publications in Portuguese and English from 2013 to 2023. Included materials comprised original articles, literature reviews, clinical guidelines, and institutional reports discussing forensic investigation, evidence collection techniques, and the importance of a humanized approach. The findings highlight the critical role of medico-legal expertise in collecting essential evidence for identifying perpetrators and emphasize the need for multidisciplinary and compassionate care for victims. The lack of trained professionals and standardized protocols was identified as a barrier compromising the quality of examinations and access to justice. Moreover, most victims are women and children experiencing chronic violence, necessitating an integrated approach to break the cycle of abuse. Strengthening professional training and implementing practices that uphold bioethical principles are essential to provide comprehensive and ethical support to victims, thereby contributing to reducing impunity. An interdisciplinary approach that integrates evidence collection with humanized care is crucial for promoting a justice system that effectively supports victims and alleviates their suffering.