Revista Trama Interdisciplinar

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2026-02-23T18:44:49-03:00

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2026-02-23T18:24:09-03:00

Bioethics and forensic medicine in the investigation of Sexual violence: an interdisciplinary approach

2024-11-09T09:21:45-03:00

Sexual violence is a severe public health issue impacting individuals of all ages and genders, causing profound physical and psychological effects. This study aims to examine the interface between bioethics, law, and forensic medicine in the context of sexual violence, addressing the challenges and perspectives of forensic practice in investigating such cases. A descriptive and exploratory narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Lilacs databases, focusing on publications in Portuguese and English from 2013 to 2023. Included materials comprised original articles, literature reviews, clinical guidelines, and institutional reports discussing forensic investigation, evidence collection techniques, and the importance of a humanized approach. The findings highlight the critical role of medico-legal expertise in collecting essential evidence for identifying perpetrators and emphasize the need for multidisciplinary and compassionate care for victims. The lack of trained professionals and standardized protocols was identified as a barrier compromising the quality of examinations and access to justice. Moreover, most victims are women and children experiencing chronic violence, necessitating an integrated approach to break the cycle of abuse. Strengthening professional training and implementing practices that uphold bioethical principles are essential to provide comprehensive and ethical support to victims, thereby contributing to reducing impunity. An interdisciplinary approach that integrates evidence collection with humanized care is crucial for promoting a justice system that effectively supports victims and alleviates their suffering.

Patient ombudsman and receiving hospital and sus Manifestations service in brazil: analysis of their Distinctions from the perspective of patient rights

2025-02-06T14:40:36-03:00

This article aims to analyze the similarities and differences between the patient ombudsman and the receiving hospital and SUS manifestations service, in the Brazilian context, from the perspective of patient rights. From a methodological perspective, this is theoretical research, based on the Final Report of the European Union on Patient Rights, the studies by Mackenney and Fallberg (2004) and Molven (2007), regarding the patient ombudsman, as well as the framework formulated by Albuquerque (2018, 2020, 2022, 2023) on patient rights. Thus, the article addresses patient rights as a new legal branch, highlighting the right to file a complaint and the right to full compensation in the context of health care. Next, an analysis of the patient ombudsman and the receiving manifestations service in Brazil is carried out. Afterwards, the approximations and distances between the patient ombudsman, receiving hospital and SUS manifestations service in Brazil are verified. It is concluded that the patient ombudsman, based on patient rights, is not equivalent to a receiving hospital and SUS manifestations service in Brazil. The reflections point to the possibility of adopting the patient ombudsman in Brazil, especially for situations of violations to patients’ rights.

Outlines Of an Educational Proposal Based On Capability Ethics

2025-02-17T12:28:50-03:00

The article examines contemporary education through the lens of the capabilities approach, based on Martha Nussbaum’s theory. It begins by discussing how education has been shaped by historical, social, and economic factors, often influenced by a market-driven logic that compromises its formative role. The text then introduces Nussbaum’s proposal, which emphasizes human development through the guarantee of fundamental capabilities, rejecting strictly economic and meritocratic approaches. The author proposes a model of social justice that ensures a minimum set of conditions for a dignified life, highlighting the need for public policies that eliminate tragic dilemmas and promote fertile functionings. The article also discusses the experience of the Unified Educational Centers (CEUs) in São Paulo as an example of initiatives aligned with the capabilities approach. Finally, it underscores that education should not be reduced to an instrument for economic mobility but should prioritize human and civic formation. The reflection suggests that the capabilities approach can provide an alternative path for improving education by valuing human dignity and individuals’ integral development.

Bioethics Project – Educating to Be: reflecting on the challenges of an interdisciplinary pedagogical practice

2025-03-31T10:47:23-03:00

This article aims to present the theoretical assumptions and general lines of an interdisciplinary project that is articulated around the disciplinary area of bioethics and that has been implemented in the first years of secondary education at Colégio Marista de Carcavelos (Cascais, Portugal). The work aims to make a critical assessment of this pedagogical tool, exploring its potential as a practice that promotes an active pedagogy and raises students' awareness of the learning of complexity, while simultaneously seeking to analyze the limitations of this type of methodology which, given its interdisciplinary nature, presupposes practices that involve a deep degree of disciplinary deconfinement that contradicts the very logic of teacher training and practice. Based on experience accumulated over more than a decade, the authors will analyze the theoretical assumptions of the project and, using two different scales, will show how the theoretical intentions were fulfilled in everyday school life: firstly, and through a brief archeology of the project, the reason for it at the institutional level will be analyzed; secondly, will be analyzed the daily pedagogical experience, listening, for this, students and teachers who were, after all, its protagonists.

Challenges and Limitations of Teaching Bioethics in Undergraduate Nursing Programs

2025-02-21T00:23:40-03:00

This article aims to discuss the experience of teaching bioethics in the Nursing course at a private higher education institution in Paraná, Brazil, from 2018 to 2024. The research question is: "How does bioethics teaching occur in the undergraduate Nursing course?". This is a qualitative and exploratory study based on document analysis. The research documents are the National Curriculum Guidelines for Nursing and the course syllabi. The results show the importance of bioethics in the technical, ethical, and civic training of nurses, developing sensitivity to analyze ethical issues and to position themselves in relation to professional demands and in bioethics and research ethics committees. The theoretical discussion is conducted in perspective with the authors Silva (2015), Barchifontaine (2011) and Zoboli (2011, 2012), highlighting the central role of bioethics in the critical and humanistic training of future nursing professionals, essential to face the contemporary challenges in the health field and strengthen the ethical autonomy of nurses in their professional practice.

Evaluation of Moral Competence in Physiotherapy Graduates Using the Moral Competence Test (MCT)

2025-02-28T09:46:50-03:00

The ethical formation of the physiotherapy´s professional who will work in society and contribute to the construction of new forms of humanized care is generally restricted to a discipline linked to the deontology. The ethical posture is discussed with a certain boredom and the mission of ethically forming the graduate is considered as fulfilled. One of the ways to evaluate the development of moral judgment is through answers based on moral cognition. Studies on moral development, based on Kohlberg, have led to the construction of some instruments of moral judgment evaluation that have been used in Brazil, as well as in several other countries. Among these instruments, the Moral Competence Test - MCT, seeks to measure the development of moral competence about the ability to act according to moral principles. Therefore, the present research project aims to evaluate the moral competence in physiotherapy´s graduates. Was used the MCT for data collection. The results obtained, through this instrument, were analyzed by SPSS/PC (Statistic Package for Social Science/ Personal Computer for Windows) software. The general scores of the MCT were described for the analysis of the students' moral competence level according to Kohlberg, after data analysis it was verified that the total C score, counting the three dilemmas presented by the first and fourthy years, was 20,18 and 15,98, respectively. This result shows a difference of 4,20 points of the total score between the fourth and first year of the course, that is, there was regression of moral competence. These data will be presented to the Course´s Coordination, thus seeking to offer contributions to their respective pedagogical proposals regarding the ethical formation of their students.

SUICIDE AND STIGMA: A BIOETHICAL ANALYSIS OF PREVAILING MORALITIES IN HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS' NARRATIVES

2025-02-25T15:54:29-03:00

According to the WHO, 726,000 people die by suicide every year, and among the main risk factors are difficulties and adversities in accessing healthcare services, as well as the poor quality of care provided to suicide attempters. Although the regulation of healthcare practices and ethical reflections on the impact of contextual conditions on health are within the scope of Bioethics, the field’s approaches to the topic have been largely limited to discussions on assisted suicide and rational suicide in the context of euthanasia debates. However, these concepts differ conceptually, epistemologically, and ethically from the broader phenomenon of suicide. The objective of this article was to analyze, from a bioethical perspective, the prevailing moral understandings of healthcare professionals responsible for initial care regarding suicide. Nineteen professionals—including physicians, nurses, and nursing technicians—were interviewed in emergency services of three large public hospitals. The results reveal representations of the phenomenon that are strongly associated with harmful principles, ranging from viewing suicide attempts as acts of manipulation or extreme attempts to "seek attention" to perpetuating the historically stigmatizing perspective that links the act to the sin-crime-madness triad. The study argues for the necessity of more frequent engagement with this issue within Bioethics, aiming to guide the training of healthcare professionals, the development of health policies, and the establishment of institutional protocols. Such efforts are essential for fostering more humanized care for suicide attempters and promoting more effective suicide prevention strategies.

Conflicts Generating Moral Distress Experienced by Oncology Nurses.

2025-05-08T10:24:21-03:00

INTRODUCTION: Few professionals are prepared to deal with the complexity of an oncology patient and the care of this patient demands ethical and committed performance from health professionals. The oncology nurse has the ethical and legal responsibility to provide quality and safe care to his/her patients, there are situations in which the professional may face ethical limitations in executing his/her scientific technical knowledge. As moral conflicts are inadequately managed, they can trigger moral suffering that can generate emotional and physical symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the moral conflicts in the daily lives of oncology nurses that generate moral suffering. METHOD: This is an exploratory and descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, in which 20 oncology nurses were interviewed, selected from the Snowball technique. Laurence Bardin's Content Analysis was used to analyze the statements. Laurence Bardin's Content Analysis was used to analyze the statements. RESULTS: Three categories were found: the institution promoting injustice, the moral conflicts faced by the professional in the daily care, and relationships in the work environment as a source of moral conflict. CONCLUSION: Moral conflicts highlight the complexity of the work of oncology nurses, who need to navigate between guidelines and regulations, the immediate needs of patients, and ethical concerns. Recognizing and addressing these dilemmas is essential for nurses to be able to provide quality care while respecting fundamental ethical principles.

ETHICS IN SOCIAL RESEARCH AND THE CHALLENGES POSED BY THE EUROCENTRIC MODEL OF SCIENCE

2025-02-28T17:32:43-03:00

Social research plays a crucial role in analyzing contemporary issues related to economy, culture, and society. This study aims to discuss the relationship between ethics and methodologies in social research, particularly in the context of hegemonic science, which relies on quantitative and biomedical models. The research proposes a qualitative approach to overcome the Eurocentric perspective, favoring the recognition of local knowledge and challenging colonial logic. Key ethical challenges were analyzed, including the alignment of practices with the biomedical research model, the effects of coloniality on scientific production, and epistemic disobedience as a means to transform dominant knowledge. The study concludes that science must be more inclusive and plural, considering the cultural and contextual specificities of marginalized groups, thus ensuring a more just and representative production of local social realities

The Construction of the Free and Informed Consent Form in the Healthcare Sector

2025-04-04T15:32:53-03:00

This article explores the most efficient nomenclature for constructing the Informed Consent Form (ICF) in the healthcare field, as well as examining the particularities that culminate in the document's approval. The ICF is a document that aims to clarify the diagnosis, prognosis, risks, and objectives of treatments recommended to patients. It seeks to promote the active and autonomous informed participation of patients, providing adequate information such as benefits, risks, consequences, and treatment alternatives. This is a descriptive qualitative study whose main objective is to provide an overview, from the perspective of physicians in the public health network (Family Health Program) of a municipality in the interior of São Paulo, regarding the constructive characteristics of informed consent, such as its conceptualization, the right to informed consent, and the limitations of clinical procedures for which consent must be obtained. The meetings took place in person, and data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews. The results indicated that, of the 26 physicians interviewed, 57.7% responded that the category "TCLE" (Informed Consent Form) is the best way to name the document. Meanwhile, 19.2% believe that the category "informed consent" is the most appropriate, and 15.4% state that the most suitable designation is the category "enlightened consent." Beyond the appropriate nomenclature, the importance of the physician's communicative action towards their patient is highlighted, remembering that respect for the patient's autonomy is more than just a signature; it is a fundamental bioethical principle in the consent process.

Who owns my DNA?

2025-04-01T12:00:54-03:00

In recent years, direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTC-GT) has gained popularity, establishing itself as a growing and increasingly accessible market. This growth has intensified concerns about genetic data privacy and the risks of its potential misuse by companies or third parties. This raises an important question: “Who owns my DNA?”. This article challenges the underlying assumption that DNA can be understood as private property. Drawing on John Locke’s classical property theory, we argue that this conception is flawed and that property rights alone are insufficient to protect users. Furthermore, our discussion highlights how genetic information extends beyond the individual, being inherently shared with humanity and, more specifically, with their relatives. From this perspective, DNA can be viewed both as a "common" good and as a "collective" good—the latter being particularly problematic in its consequences, as it means that the use of one person’s genetic information may expose their relatives, who may not have consented to such disclosure. This analysis reveals that the idea of genetic information ownership is more complex than it may seem, as its shared nature challenges traditional classifications. Finally, the article highlights how the risks associated with the commercial use of genetic information make the consent model adopted by DTC-GT companies debatable, reinforcing the need for stronger regulations to protect both individual and collective rights and mitigate ethical and legal harms.