Violencia de Pareja en Mujeres Privadas de Libertad, Estudiantes Universitarias y Población General: Prevalencia y Predictores Sociodemográficos
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La violencia por parte de la pareja íntima (VPI) constituye una violación de los derechos humanos y un grave problema de salud pública. No obstante, son escasos los estudios que comparan la manifestación de la VPI entre diferentes grupos de mujeres, especialmente aquellas privadas de libertad. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo estimar la prevalencia de victimización y perpetración de la VPI, y identificar sus factores de riesgo en tres segmentos poblacionales: mujeres privadas de libertad, estudiantes universitarias y de la población general. Se trata de un estudio transversal, con un muestreo no probabilístico, compuesto por 804 participantes de distintos estados brasileños, con edades entre 18 y 74 años (M = 30,45; DE = 10,73). Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, regresiones lineales múltiples y ANOVA, que revelaron diferencias significativas en la prevalencia de la VPI entre los grupos investigados. Los datos indicaron altas tasas de violencia psicológica, física y sexual, tanto en condición de victimización (31,0% a 73,4%) como de perpetración (12,3% a 74,8%). Además, el 72,1% de las participantes reportaron situaciones de violencia bidireccional. Las mujeres privadas de libertad presentaron la mayor vulnerabilidad frente a la VPI. Los principales predictores identificados fueron grupo de pertenencia, ingreso familiar, nivel educativo, consumo de sustancias y parentalidad. Estos factores variaron según el tipo de violencia analizado, lo que evidencia la complejidad y la naturaleza multifactorial del fenómeno. Los hallazgos destacan la necesidad de políticas públicas específicas que consideren las particularidades de cada grupo poblacional.
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