Relación Entre los Síntomas Internalizantes y la Variabilidad de la Frecuencia Cardíaca en Reposo
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El enfoque dimensional de la psicopatología permite la identificación de rasgos y síntomas presentes en el origen o mantenimiento de diversos trastornos mentales. A partir de esta lógica, surgen nuevos agrupamientos, como, por ejemplo, la división entre los síntomas internalizantes y externalizantes. Además, los modelos dimensionales tienen una mejor correlación con biomarcadores. Un posible biomarcador transdiagnóstico de las psicopatologías es la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC). Ante la evidencia de alteraciones de la VFC en diversas psicopatologías, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre los niveles de VFC en reposo (parámetro RMSSD) y los síntomas internalizantes (ansiedad, depresión y estrés) medidos mediante la escala DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale). La muestra total de este estudio incluyó a 60 individuos de entre 18 y 40 años (M = 28,53; DE = 5,85); de estos, el 50,0% (n = 30) de los participantes presentaban autorreporte de diagnóstico en salud mental. Se realizaron correlaciones de Spearman para evaluar la asociación entre la DASS-21 y la VFC. En la muestra total, los resultados indicaron que la VFC presentó correlaciones negativas y significativas con todas las variables de los puntajes de la DASS-21. Al dividir la muestra por grupos, la VFC presentó una correlación significativa con el grupo con trastorno mental en los puntajes Total, Depresión y Estrés de la DASS-21. En el grupo control no se encontraron correlaciones significativas. Estos resultados indican que la intensidad de los síntomas internalizantes está asociada con la VFC, corroborando una perspectiva dimensional.
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