¿La Dismorfia Muscular Predice la Dependencia del Ejercicio y la Ortorexia en los Practicantes de Ejercicio Brasileños?

Contenido principal del artículo

Gabriel Lucas Morais Freire
Yara Lucy Fidelix
Lenamar Fiorese
Leonardo de Sousa Fortes
Daniel Vicentini de Oliveira
José Roberto Andrade do Nascimento Junior

Resumen

El estudio analizó el papel predictivo de los síntomas de dismorfia muscular en la dependencia del ejercicio y la ortorexia en 158 practicantes de ejercicio brasileños (carrera = 38, crossfit = 85, culturismo = 35) de ambos sexos (mujeres = 81, hombres = 77), con edad media 31,59 años (± 7,99) y 4,5 años de experiencia (± 5,27). Se utilizó la Escala de Dedicación al Ejercicio, el Cuestionario para el Diagnóstico de Ortorexia y el Cuestionario Complejo en Adonis. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante la correlación de Pearson y el análisis de regresión múltiple. La dismorfia muscular predice positivamente la dependencia del ejercicio (β = .51, p < .001) y negativamente la ortorexia (β = -.19, p < .01) y es importante discutir el tema con los practicantes de ejercicio físico para minimizar la prevalencia y los efectos deletéreos asociados con este trastorno psicológico.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Detalles del artículo

Sección
Artigos

Citas

Almeida, C., Borba, V. V., & Santos, L. (2018). Orthorexia nervosa in a sample of Portuguese fitness participants. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 23, 443–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-018-0517-y

Badenes-Ribera, L., Rubio-Aparicio, M., Sánchez-Meca, J., Fabris, M. A., & Longobardi, C. (2019). The association between muscle dysmorphia and eating disorder symptomatology: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 8(3), 351–371. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.44

Corazza, O., Simonato, P., Demetrovics, Z., Mooney, R., van de Ven, K., Roman-Urrestarazu, A., Rácmolnár, L., De Luca I., Cinosi, E., Santacroce, R., Marini, M., Wellsted, D., Sullivan, K., Bersani, G., & Martinotti, G. (2019). The emergence of exercise addiction, body dysmorphic disorder, and other image-related psychopathological correlates in fitness settings: A cross sectional study. PloS One, 14(4), e0213060. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213060

Di Lodovico, L., Poulnais, S., & Gorwood, P. (2019). Which sports are more at risk of physical exercise addiction: A systematic review. Addictive Behaviors, 93, 257–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.12.030

Dunn, T. M., & Bratman, S. (2016). On orthorexia nervosa: A review of the literature and proposed diagnostic criteria. Eating Behaviors, 21, 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.12.006

Fortes, L. de S., Filgueiras, J. F., Oliveira, F. da C., Almeida, S. S., & Ferreira, M. E. C. (2016). Modelo etiológico dos comportamentos de risco para os transtornos alimentares em adolescentes brasileiros do sexo feminino. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 32(4), e000024115. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00024115

Freire, G. L. M., Paulo, J. R. da S., Silva, A. A. da, Batista, R. P. R., Alves, J. F. N., & Nascimento, J. R. A. do, Junior. (2020). Body dissatisfaction, addiction to exercise and risk behaviour for eating disorders among exercise practitioners. Journal of Eating Disorders, 8, 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-020-00300-9

Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203

Longobardi, C., Prino, L. E., Fabris, M. A., & Settanni, M. (2017). Muscle dysmorphia and psychopathology: Findings from an Italian sample of male bodybuilders. Psychiatry Research, 256, 231–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.065

Mitchell, L., Murray, S. B., Cobley, S., Hackett, D., Gifford, J., Capling, L., & O’Connor, H. (2017). Muscle dysmorphia symptomatology and associated psychological features in bodybuilders and non-bodybuilder resistance trainers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 47, 233–259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0564-3

Murray, S. B., Griffiths, S., Mitchison, D., & Mond, J. M. (2017). The transition from thinness-oriented to muscularity-oriented disordered eating in adolescent males: A clinical observation. Journal of Adolescent Health, 60(3), 353–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.10.014

Pope, C. G., Pope, H. G., Menard, W., Fay, C., Olivardia, R., & Phillips, K. A. (2005). Clinical features of muscle dysmorphia among males with body dysmorphic disorder. Body Image, 2(4), 395–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.09.001

Schneider, C., Agthe, M., Yanagida, T., Voracek, M., & Hennig-Fast, K. (2017). Effects of muscle dysmorphia, social comparisons and body schema priming on desire for social interaction: An experimental approach. BMC Psychology, 5, 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-017-0189-9

Segura-García, C., Papaianni, M. C., Caglioti, F., Procopio, L., Nisticò, C. G., Bombardiere, L., Ammendolia, A., Rizza, P., De Fazia, P., & Capranica, L. (2012). Orthorexia nervosa: A frequent eating disordered behavior in athletes. Eating and Weight Disorders – Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 17(4), e226–e233. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22361450/

Soler, P. T., Fernandes, H. M., Damasceno, V. O., & Novaes, J. S. (2013). Vigorexy and levels of exercise dependence in gym goers and bodybuilders. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 19(5), 343–348. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-86922013000500009

Trott, M., Jackson, S. E., Firth, J., Fisher, A., Johnstone, J., Mistry, A., Stubbs, B., & Smith, L. (2020). Exercise addiction prevalence and correlates in the absence of eating disorder symptomology: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 14(6), e321–e329. https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000000664

Waldorf, M., Vocks, S., Düsing, R., Bauer, A., & Cordes, M. (2019). Body-oriented gaze behaviors in men with muscle dysmorphia diagnoses. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 128(2), 140–150. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000403

White, M., Berry, R., & Rodgers, R. F. (2020). Body image and body change behaviors associated with orthorexia symptoms in males. Body Image, 34, 46–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.05.003