Factores Asociados a la Salud Mental en la Población Brasileña durante la Covid-19
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
Las encuestas sobre factores asociados a la salud mental durante una pandemia pueden respaldar estrategias de intervención eficaces. Respondiendo a esta demanda, el objetivo fue investigar las variables asociadas a la salud mental (salud general, ansiedad, depresión y estrés percibido) de los brasileños durante la pandemia de la coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Se realizó un estudio de encuesta nacional, con una muestra de 2.705 brasileños, quienes respondieron a seis instrumentos, abordando datos sociodemográficos y clínicos relacionados con la Covid-19, adherencia a las medidas de control de la pandemia, consumo de información, afrontamiento, salud general y estrés percibido. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva y analítica. Los resultados muestran que el acuerdo y la adherencia al distanciamiento social, la experiencia de la enfermedad, ser o convivir con personas del grupo de riesgo, menor consumo de información y menor afrontamiento se asocian a enfermedades mentales. Concluimos que hay una necesidad de intervención continua en salud mental durante la pandemia.
Descargas
Detalles del artículo
Los derechos de autor de los artículos publicados en Psicología: Teoría y Practica pertenecen a los autores, quienes otorgan a la Universidad Presbiteriana Mackenzie los derechos no exclusivos para publicar el contenido.
Citas
American Psychological Association (2020). Pandemics. https://www.apa.org/practice/programs/dmhi/research-information/pandemics
Aquino, E. M. L., Silveira, I. H., Pescarini, J. M., Aquino, R., Souza-Filho, J. A., Rocha, A. S., Ferreira, A., Victor, A., Teixeira, C., Machado, D. B., Paixão, E., Alves, F. J. O., Pilecco, F., Menezes, G., Gabrielli, L., Leite, L., Almeida, M. C. C., Ortelan, N., Fernandes, Q. H. R. F., … Lima, R. T. R. S. (2020). Social distancing measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic: Potential impacts and challenges in Brazil. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 25(suppl. 1), 2423–2446. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020256.1.10502020
Borloti, E., Haydu, V. B., Kienen, N., & Zacarin, M. R. J. (2020). Saúde mental e intervenções psicológicas durante a pandemia da Covid-19: Um panorama. Revista Brasileira de Análise do Comportamento, 16(1), 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18542/rebac.v16i1.8885
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
Castro-de-Araujo, L. F. S., & Machado, D. B. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on mental health in a low and middle-income country. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 25(suppl 1), 2457–2460. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020256.1.10932020
Duan, L., & Zhu, G. (2020). Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), 300–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30073-0
Duarte, M. Q., Santo, M. A. S., Lima, C. P., Giordani, J. P., & Trentini, C. M. (2020). COVID-19 e os impactos na saúde mental: Uma amostra do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 25(9), 3401–3411. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020259.16472020
Faro, A., Bahiano, M. A., Nakano, T. C., Reis, C., Silva, B. F. P., & Vitti, L. S. (2020). COVID-19 e saúde mental: A emergência do cuidado. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 37, e200074. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202037e200074
Filgueiras, A., & Stults-Kolehmainen, M. (2020). The relationship between behavioural and psychosocial factors among Brazilians in quarantine due to Covid-19. The Lancet Preprint. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3566245
Gil, A. C. (2008). Como elaborar projetos de pesquisa (4th ed.). Atlas.
Gouveia, V. V., Chaves, S. S. S., Oliveira, I. C. P., Dias, M. R., Gouveia, R. S. V., & Andrade, P. R. (2003). A utilização do QSG-12 na população geral: Estudo de sua validade de construto. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 19(3), 241–248. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-37722003000300006
Lazarus, R., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress appraisal and coping. Springer.
Liu, Z., Han, B., Jiang, R., Huang, Y., Ma, C., Wen, J., Zhang, T., Wang, Y., Chen, H., & Ma, Y. (2020). Mental health status of doctors and nurses during COVID-19 epidemic in China. The Lancet Preprint. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3551329
Luft, C. D. B., Sanches, S. O., Mazo, G. Z., & Andrade, A. (2007). Versão brasileira da Escala de Estresse Percebido: Tradução e validação para idosos. Revista de Saúde Pública, 41(4), 606–615. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102007000400015
Maia, B. R., & Dias, P. C. (2020). Ansiedade, depressão e estresse em estudantes universitários: O impacto da COVID-19. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 37, e200067. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202037e200067
Prati, G., & Mancini, A. (2021). The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns: A review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies and natural experiments. Psychological Medicine, 51(2), 201–211. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721000015
Robinson, E., Sutin, A. R., Daly, M., & Jones, A. (2022). A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies comparing mental health before versus during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Journal of Affective Disorder, 296, 567–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.098
Schmidt, B., Crepaldi, M. A., Bolze, S. D. A., Neiva-Silva, L., & Demenech, L. M. (2020). Saúde mental e intervenções psicológicas diante da pandemia do novo coronavírus (COVID-19). Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 37, e200063. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202037e200063
Serafim, A. P., Gonçalves, P. D., Rocca, C. C., & Lotufo Neto, F. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on Brazilian mental health through vicarious traumatization. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 42(4), 450. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0999
Silva, A. G., Miranda, D. M., Diaz, A. P., Teles, A. L. S., Malloy-Diniz, L. F., & Palha, A. P. (2020). Mental health: Why it still matters in the midst of a pandemic. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 42(3), 229–231. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0009
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
Wei, N., Huang, B., Lu, S., Hu, J., Zhou, X., Hu, C., Chen, J., Huang, J., Li, S., Wang, Z., Wang, D., Xu, Y., & Hu, S. (2020). Efficacy of internet-based integrated intervention on depression and anxiety symptoms in patients with COVID-19. Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B, 21(5), 400–404. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B2010013
World Health Organization (2020). Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the Covid-19 outbreak. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/mental-health--considerations.pdf
Zhang, J., Wu, W., Zhao, X., & Zhang, W. (2020). Recommended psychological crisis intervention response to the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak in China: A model of West China Hospital. Precision Clinical Medicine, 3(1), 3–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa006
Zhao, Y. (2020). Psychological impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on Chinese international students: Examining prevalence and associated factors. World Journal of Educational Research, 7(3), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.22158/wjer.v7n3p45