Parenting, Mental Health, and Covid-19: A Rapid Systematic Review
Main Article Content
Abstract
Parents face specific challenges during the pandemic and social isolation since they need to cope with their children's demands besides their own. They are a key group to access and promote the wellbeing of children, especially in early development. This review systematically summarizes studies that investigated the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic in parenting and parents’ mental health. PRISMA guidelines were followed. We searched Google Scholar, PubMed, Scielo, Indexpsi, and PsycINFO databases. Ten articles met the criteria for the current literature review. The results showed significantly higher depressive and anxiety symptoms in parents/pregnant women when compared with peers in a non-pandemic scenario. Challenges faced by parents and pregnant women were related to health care services during pregnancy, homeschooling, and social support loss. This review provides relevant information to support tailored mental health interventions in response to COVID-19.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright to articles published in The Journal Of Psychology: Theory and Practice belongs to the authors, who grant Mackenzie Presbyterian University the not exclusive rights to publish the content.
References
Alon, T. M., Doepke, M., Olmstead-Rumsey, J., & Tertilt, M. (2020). The impact of covid-19 on gender equality. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w26947
American Psychological Association (2020). APA stress in America report: High stress related to Coronavirus is the new normal for many parents. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2020/05/stress-america-covid-19?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=apa-press-release-sia2020&utm_content=sia-covid19-pt1-may21&fbclid=IwAR0cwIhV4LOMmIvE7BkrJlGTaV4j6zmFIwkGvOrpyDDkQIqwHCFV-9_begs
Asbury, K., Fox, L., Deniz, E., Code, A., & Toseeb, U. (in press). How is COVID-19 affecting the mental health of children with special educational needs and disabilities and their families? https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/sevyd
Bai, R., Wang, Z., Liang, J., Qi, J., & He, X. (2020). The effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on children's behavior and parents’ mental health in China: A research study. Research Square, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-22686/v1
Bermejo-Sánchez, F. R., Peña-Ayudante, W. R., Espinoza-Portilla, E. (2020). Depresión perinatal en tiempos del COVID-19: Rol de las redes sociales en Internet. Acta Médica Peruana, 37(1). https://doi.org/10.35663/amp.2020.371.913
Braun, V., Clarke, V., Hayfield, N., & Terry, G. (2019). Thematic Analysis. Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences, 843–860.
Brock, R. L., O’Hara, M. W., Hart, K. J., McCabe, J. E., Williamson, J. A., Laplante, D. P., … King, S. (2014). Partner support and maternal depression in the context of the Iowa floods. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(6), 832–843. doi:10.1037/fam0000027
Brom, C., Lukavsky, J., Greger, D., Hannemann, T., Straková, J., & Švaříček, R. (in press). Mandatory Home Education during the COVID-19 Lockdown in the Czech Republic: A Rapid Survey of 1st-9th Graders’ Parents. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/fbhn3
Brooks, S. K., Weston, D., & Greenberg, N. (in press). Psychological impact of infectious disease outbreaks on pregnant women: Rapid evidence review. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.16.20068031
Candido, M. R., & Campos, L. A. (2020, May 14). Pandemia reduz submissões de artigos acadêmicos assinados por mulheres. Dados – Revista de Ciências Sociais. Retrieved from: http://dados.iesp.uerj.br/pandemia-reduz-submissoes-de-mulheres/
Gehanno, J., Rollin, L., & Darmoni, S. (2013). Is the coverage of google scholar enough to be used alone for systematic reviews? BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 13(7). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-13-7
Gérain, P., & Zech, E. (2018). Does informal caregiving lead to parental burnout? Comparing parents having (or not) children with mental and physical issues. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00884
Holmes, E. A., O’Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., … Bullmore, E. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for action for mental health science. Lancet Psychiatry, 7, 547-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1
Huang, J.,Zhou, X. Lu, S., Xu, Y., Hu, J., Huang, M., ... Wei, N. (2020). Dialectical behavior therapy-based psychological intervention for woman in late pregnancy and early postpartum suffering from COVID-19: A case report. Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B2010012
Hunter, L. (2012). Challenging the reported disadvantages of e-questionnaires and addressing methodological issues of online data collection. Nurse Researcher, 20(1), 11–20. doi:10.7748/nr2012.09.20.1.11.c9303
Jones, S. A., Gopalakrishnan, S., Ameh, C. A. Sarah White, S., & van den Broek, N. R. (2016). ‘Women and babies are dying but not of Ebola’: The effect of the Ebola virus epidemic on the availability, uptake, and outcomes of maternal and newborn health services in Sierra Leone. BMJ Global Health, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000065
Kingston, D., & Tough, S. (2014). Prenatal and postnatal maternal mental health and school-age child development: A systematic review. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 18(7), 1728–1741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-013-1418-3
Koons, C. (2020, March 24). No hand to hold: Women face labor alone at slammed NYC hospitals. Bloomberg. Retrieved from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-24/hospitals-in-nyc-are-forcing-women-to-give-birth-alone-amid-covid
Lebel, C., MacKinnon, A., Bagshawe, M., Tomfohr-Madsen, L., & Giesbrecht, G. (in press). Elevated depression and anxiety among pregnant individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gdhkt
Maffei, B., Menezes, M., & Crepaldi, M. A. (2019). Significant social network in the gestational process: An integrative review. Revista da SBPH, 22(1), 216-237.Retrieved from http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-08582019000100012&lng=pt&tlng=pt
Ministry of Health (2020). Crianças na pandemia COVID-19. Saúde mental e atenção psicossocial na pandemia COVID-19. Retrieved from https://www.fiocruzbrasilia.fiocruz.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/crianc%cc%a7as_pandemia.pdf
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & Altman, D. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
Moroni, G., Nicoletti, C., Tominey, E. (2020, april 9). Children’s socio-emotional skills and the home environment during the COVID-19 crisis. VoxEU. Retrieved from https://voxeu.org/article/children-s-socio-emotional-skills-and-home-environment-during-covid-19-crisis
Newland, R. P., Crnic, K. A., Cox, M. J., & Mills-Koonce, W. R. (2013). The family model stress and maternal psychological symptoms: Mediated pathways from economic hardship to parenting. Journal of Family Psychology, 27(1), 96–105. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031112
Ornell, F., Schuch, J. B., Sordi, A. O., & Kessler, F. (2020). “Pandemic fear” and COVID-19: Mental health burden and strategies. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 42(3), 232-235, https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0008
Raman, S. (2020, May 14). COVID-19 amplifies racial disparities in maternal health. Roll Call. Retrieved from https://www.rollcall.com/2020/05/14/covid-19-amplifies-racial-disparities-in-maternal-health/
Shigemura, J., Ursano, R. J., Morganstein, J. C., Kurosawa, M., & Benedek, D. M. (2020). Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Japan: Mental health consequences and target populations. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 74, 281-282. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12988
Sprang, G., &Silman, M. (2013). Posttraumatic stress disorder in parents and youth after health-related disasters. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness,7(1), 105-110. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2013.22
Stein, A., Lehtonen, A., Harvey, A. G., Nicol-Harper, R., &Craske, M. (2009). The Influence of postnatal psychiatric disorder on child development: Is maternal preoccupation one of the key underlying processes? Psychopathology, 42(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1159/000173699
Taylor, M. R., Agho, K. E., Stevens, G.J., & Raphael, B. (2008). Factors influencing psychological distress during a disease epidemic: Data from Australia’s first outbreak equine influenza. BMC Public Health, 8(347). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-347
Topalidou, A., Thomson, G., & Downe, S. (in press). COVID-19 and maternal mental health: Are we getting the balance right? https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.30.20047969
Toseeb, U., Asbury, K., Code, A., Fox, L., & Deniz, E. (in press). Supporting families with children with special educational needs and disabilities during COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/tm69k
United Nations Development Programme (2020). Tackling social norms: A game changer for gender inequalities. 2020 Human Development Perspectives. Retrieved from http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hd_perspectives_gsni.pdf
Wang, G., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhang, J., & Jiang, F. (2020). Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet, 395, 945-947. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30520-1
Wong, W, C, W., Chan, K., Tang, H., & Lam, M.W. L. (2007). The cycle fear: A qualitative study of SARS and its impacts on kindergarten parents one year after the outbreak. The Hong Kong Practitioner, 29(4), 146-155. Retrieved from http://www.hkcfp.org.hk/Upload/HK_Practitioner/2007/hkp2007vol29apr/original_article_3.html
World Health Organization (2017). Rapid reviews to strengthen health policy and systems: A practical guide. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/alliance-hpsr/resources/publications/rapid-review-guide/en/
World Health Organization (2020a). Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)
World Health Organization (2020b). Q&A on COVID-19, pregnancy and childbirth. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/q-a-on-covid-19-pregnancy-and-childbirth
Wu, Y., Zhang, C., Liu, H., Duan, C., Li, C., Jianxia Fan, J., … Huang, H. (2020). Perinatal depression of women along with 2019 novel Coronavirus breakout in China. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3539359
Yuan, R., Xu, Q.-H., Xia, C.-C., Lou, C.-Y., Xie, Z., Ge, Q.-M., & Shao, Y. (2020). Psychological status of parents of hospitalized children during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychiatry Research, 288, 112953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112953