The ´Psychodynamics of Prejudice: A Bibliographic Review
Main Article Content
Abstract
The present research aims to investigate how the psychoanalytic theory of the intrapsychic functioning of the prejudiced can help to delimit the psychic characteristics of this social evil. Methodologically speaking, we conducted a bibliographic review, a study of the selected documentary sources in an orderly, systematized and documented way, with clearly delimited criteria and procedures. Seventeen articles were selected and each one of them was studied and analyzed. As a main result, we concluded that prejudice is, basically, a mechanism of identification. The primary functions it serves are directed towards the maintenance of good object relations and the narcissistic cohesion of the self in the face of the threat of its destruction by the sense of ambivalence. Hence, the individual needs to protect the identifications that are the basis of his self through defense mechanisms that place both the genesis and the product of his anguishes on others, fundamentally perceived as different.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright to articles published in The Journal Of Psychology: Theory and Practice belongs to the authors, who grant Mackenzie Presbyterian University the not exclusive rights to publish the content.
References
Allport, G. (1979). The nature of prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Aviram, R. (2007). Object relations and prejudice: From in-group favoritism to out- -group hatred. International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies, 4(1), 4–14. doi:10.1002/aps.121
Bird, B. (1957). A consideration of the etiology of prejudice. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 5(3), 490–513. doi:10.1177/000306515700500308
Bloom, J. (2008). Contemporary conceptualizations of prejudice: A psychoanalytic perspective. Latin American Journal of Fundamental Psychopathology on Line, 5(1), 32-43.
Conforto, E., Amaral, D., & Silva, S. (2011) Roteiro para revisão bibliográfica sistemática: Aplicação no desenvolvimento de produtos e gerenciamento de projetos. Anais do Congresso Brasileiro de Gestão de Desenvolvimento de Produto, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, 8.
Crandall, C. S., & Eshleman, A. (2003). A justification-suppression model of the expression and experience of prejudice. Psychological Bulletin, 129(3), 414.
Crochík, J. L. (1996). Preconceito, indivíduo e sociedade. Temas em Psicologia, 4(3), 47–70.
Duckitt, J. H. (1992). The social psychology of prejudice. New York: Praeger.
Fonagy, P., &Higgitt, A. (2007). The development of prejudice: Attachment theory hypothesis explaining its ubiquity. In H. Parens, A. Mahfouz, S. Twemlow, & D. Scharff (Ed.), The future of prejudice: Psychoanalysis and the prevention of prejudice (pp. 59–76). New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Freud, S. (1976). Além do princípio do prazer (Vol. 4, 5). (Edição standard brasileira das obras psicológicas completas de Sigmund Freud). Rio de Janeiro: Imago.
Hinshelwood, R. (2007) Intolerance and the intolerable: The case of racism. Psychoanalysis, Culture & Society 12(1), 11–20. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.pcs.210010
Lima, M., & Vala, J. (2004) As novas formas de expressão do preconceito e do racismo. Estudos de Psicologia, 9(3), 401–411.
Lima, T., & Mioto, R. (2007). Procedimentos metodológicos na construção do conhecimento científico: A pesquisa bibliográfica. Revista Katálysis, 10, 37–45.
McLean, H. (1944). Racial prejudice. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 14(4), 706.
Money-Kyrle, R. (1960). On prejudice – A psychoanalytical approach. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 33(3), 205–209.
Parens, H. (2007a). Toward understanding prejudice–benign and malignant. In S Akhtar et al. (Eds.), The future of prejudice: Psychoanalysis and the prevention of prejudice (pp. 21-36). Jason Aronson.
Parens, H. (2007b). The roots of prejudice: Findings from observational Research. In: Akhtar, S., et al. (Eds.), The future of prejudice: Psychoanalysis and the prevention of prejudice, (pp. 77–92). Jason Aronson, Incorporated.
Parens, H. (2007c). Malignant prejudice–guidelines toward its prevention. In S. Akhtar et al. (Eds.), The future of prejudice: Psychoanalysis and the prevention of prejudice (pp. 269–289). Jason Aronson.
Scharff, D., & Scharff, J. (2007). Family as the link between individual and social origins of prejudice. In S. Akhtar et al. (Eds.), The future of prejudice: Psychoanalysis and the prevention of prejudice (pp. 97–110). Jason Aronson.
Sidanius, J., & Pratto, F. (1999). Social dominance: An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Snowden, F. M. (1995) Europe’s oldest chapter in the history of blackwhite relations. In B. Bowser et al. (Eds.), Racism and anti-racism in world perspective (pp. 3–26). London: Sage.
Souza, M., & Birman, J. (2014). Ética e estética da alteridade em Horkheimer, Adorno e Freud: Comentários a partir de “elementos do anti-semitismo” e “o inquietante”. Psicologia & Sociedade, 26(2), 251–260. doi:10.1590/S0102- 71822014000200002
Steiner, J. (2016). Man’s inhumanity to man: Confrontations and prejudice. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 36(4), 285–294. doi:10.1080/07351690.2016.1158056
Villac Oliva, D. (2016). Raízes sociais e psicodinâmicas do preconceito e suas implicações na educação inclusiva. Psicologia Escolar e Educacional, 20(2), 349–356. doi: 10.1590/2175-3539/2015/0202991
Vital, M. (2012). Inclusão na educação infantil: Do viver o preconceito da diferença ao (con) viver com a diferença. Tese de doutorado, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. doi:10.11606/T.47.2012.tde-22082012-105035
Wirth, H. (2007). The roots of prejudice in family life and its political significance as discerned in a study of Slobodan Milosevic. In S. Akhtar et al. (Eds.), The future of prejudice: Psychoanalysis and the prevention of prejudice (pp. 108–124). Jason Aronson.
Young-Bruehl, E. (2007). A brief history of prejudice studies. In S. Akhtar et al. (Eds.), The future of prejudice: Psychoanalysis and the prevention of prejudice (pp. 219–235). Jason Aronson.