O Efeito da Eletroestimulação nas Funções Executivas, Metacognição e Regulação Emocional de Adultos com Depressão: Um Estudo Experimental
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Estudos com estimulação elétrica transcraniana têm demonstrado que há redução na sintomatologia depressiva, mas ainda não está claro se esse tipo de intervenção pode melhorar também funções cognitivas e estratégias de regulação emocional na depressão maior. Este estudo examinou os efeitos da estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua (ETCC) sobre o córtex pré-frontal dorsolateral nas funções executivas, metacognição de pensamentos e sentimentos e na regulação emocional. Dezoito adultos entre 18 e 40 anos de idade diagnosticados com depressão maior foram aleatoriamente designados para estimulação ativa (N = 10) ou simulada (N = 8). Cada participante foi submetido a dez sessões de ETCC ativa ou simulada por duas semanas. A gravidade dos sintomas de depressão, as funções executivas, a metacognição e as estratégias de regulação emocional dos participantes foram avaliadas no início, imediatamente após a intervenção e três meses após a intervenção. Foi possível observar que a ETCC ativa não teve um maior efeito sobre as variáveis em comparação com a intervenção sham. Ambos os grupos aumentaram a frequência da regulação de pensamentos e sentimentos ao longo do tempo e diminuíram os sintomas depressivos após a intervenção. Os efeitos não significativos da ETCC nas variáveis avaliadas são discutidos à luz de estudos prévios, que apresentam resultados mistos, corroborando e contrastando com os achados aqui encontrados.
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