The evolution of field hospitals in Brazil

a timeline of critical events

Abstract

Field hospitals are crucial temporary structures in emergencies, widely used in Brazil for significant events. Despite their transitory nature, the architecture of these facilities is often neglected, with inadequate standardization for different crises. This article investigates the evolution and importance of field hospitals in Brazilian architecture and urban planning, examining how these structures have been adapted and used in different contexts, highlighting the need for adequate planning to ensure an effective and humane response. From the response to yellow fever to the Covid-19 pandemic, crises such as epidemics, natural disasters, and landslides have required the installation of these emergency structures. The analysis includes theoretical and documentary studies that highlight the relevance of these temporary structures, not only as emergency measures, but as elements of urban planning and public health. Based on these studies, guidelines are proposed for future implementation of field hospitals, aiming to improve crisis response. By bringing together historical and contemporary examples, the article offers information for the development of architectural policies and practices that promote an efficient response to crisis situations in Brazil.