Indicadores de Propension a la Esquizotipia entre Individuos Creyentes en lo Paranormal: Examinando la Intensidad de la Imaginería, Esquizotipia y Experiencias Alucinatorias
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Resumen
Algunos estudios sugieren que alto grado de creencia en lo paranormal predispone a experimentar una variedad de experiencias paranormales, o incluso a interpretar como tales a un igual o mayor número de experiencias perceptuales anómalas. La propensión a la esquizotipia, es otro factor que subyace en el control y mantenimiento de tales creencias. En este estudio se examinan posibles diferencias entre “alucinadores” y “no alucinadores” en una muestra de individuos creyentes en lo paranormal en términos de intensidad de la imaginería auditiva, visual, y táctil, y tres factores de propensidad a la esquizotipia. Se examinó además una muestra de creyentes en lo paranormal que incluyó 158 participantes, 110 mujeres (69.6%) y 48 varones (30.4%), rango etario 19 a 75 años (Media= 46.83, SD= 11.92), y otra compuesta por 158 participantes estudiantes de psicología, 69% de mujeres y 30% varones (edad media= 46.83), de la Universidad Abierta Interamericana. Ambos grupos completaron la Escala de Imaginería Vívida de Betts, el Cuestionario Barrett de Alucinaciones, y el Cuestionario de Personalidad Esquizotípica. Se encontró mayor intensidad de imaginería visual, auditiva y táctil en el grupo de alucinadores en comparación con los no alucinadores en la muestra de creyentes en lo paranormal, pero no mayor propensión a alucinar. Sin embargo, los alucinadores visuales, auditivos, y táctiles puntuaron más alto en comparación con el factor cognitivo-perceptual que los “no alucinadores”, y se encontró como el mejor discriminador para las modalidades alucinatorias visual, auditiva y táctil en los estudiantes. Es posible concluir que los creyentes en lo paranormal son personas psicológicamente integradas, no obstante el término alucinación debería ser descartado.
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