Calidad de la Relación con Personas Significativas: Comparación entre Embarazadas Adolescentes y Adultas
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
En el embarazo, la mujer vivencia cambios evolutivos en los relacionamientos afectivos significativos. Este estudio compara la calidad de la relación con el compañero y con otras figuras significativas en embarazadas adolescentes y adultas y analiza predictores sociodemográficos para la calidad de estas relaciones. Una muestra de 130 embarazadas (66 adolescentes y 64 adultas) fue evaluada en el 3º trimestre del embarazo en relación a características sociales y demográficas y a la calidad de la relación con figuras significativas. Los resultados muestran que las adolescentes refieren menor confianza (χ2 = 3.365, p = 0,055) y mayor discordia (χ2 = 3.842, p = 0,041) en la relación con el compañero y mayor sentimiento de intimidad (χ2 = 19.126, p = 0,000) y apatía (χ2 = 8.568, p = 0,004) en la relación con la otra figura significativa, comparativamente con las adultas. Se verificó también que el embarazo en la adolescencia se asocia a relacionamientos de menor calidad, debido especialmente a situaciones sociodemográficas más desfavorables y no tanto a la condición de ser o no adolescente.
Descargas
Detalles del artículo
Los derechos de autor de los artículos publicados en Psicología: Teoría y Practica pertenecen a los autores, quienes otorgan a la Universidad Presbiteriana Mackenzie los derechos no exclusivos para publicar el contenido.
Citas
BENINCASA, M.; REZENDE, M.; CONIARIC, J. Sexo desprotegido e adolescência: fatores de risco e de proteção. Psicologia: Teoria e Prática, v. 10, n. 2, p. 121-134, 2008.
BIFULCO, A. et al. Adult attachment style I: its relationship to clinical depression. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, v. 37, n. 2, p. 50-59, 2002.
BIFULCO, A. Maternal attachment style and depression associated with childbirth: preliminary results from European/US cross-cultural study. British Journal of Psychiatry, v. 184, Suppl. 46, p. 31-37, 2004.
BORKOWSKI, J. et al. The adolescent as parent: influences on children’s intellectual, academic and socioemotional development. In: BORKOWSKI, J.; ROMEY, S. (Org.). Parenting and the child’s world influences on academic, intellectual and socioemotional development. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2002. p. 161-184.
BOWLBY, J. Attachment and loss: separation: anxiety and anger. New York: Basic Books,1973.
CAIRNEY, J. et al. Stress, social support and depression in single and married mothers. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, v. 38, p. 442-449, 2003.
CANAVARRO, M. Gravidez e maternidade – representações e tarefas de desenvolvimento. In: CANAVARRO, M.(Org.). Psicologia da gravidez e maternidade. Coimbra: Quarteto, 2001. p. 17-50.
CERVERA, N. Family changes during unwed teenage pregnancy. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, v. 23, n. 1, p. 119-40, 1994.
CHASE-LANSDALE, P. L.; BROOKS-GUNN, J. Correlates of adolescent pregnancy and parenthood. In: FISHER, C. B.; LERNER, R. M. (Org.). Applied developmental psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994. p. 207-235.
COLLINS, N. L. et al. Social support in pregnancy: psychosocial correlates of birth out-comes and postpartum depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, v. 65, n. 6, p. 1243-1258, 1993.
DAVIS, A. A.; RHODES, J. E.; HAMILTON-LEAKS, J. When both parents may be a source of support and/or problems: a analysis of pregnant and parenting female African American adolescents’ relationships with their mothers and fathers. Journal of Research on Adolescence, v. 7, n. 3, p. 331-348, 1997.
FIGUEIREDO, B.; PACHECO, A.; MAGARINHO, R. Grávidas adolescentes e grávidas adultas: diferentes circunstâncias de risco? Acta Médica Portuguesa, v. 18, p. 97-105, 2005.
FIGUEIREDO, B. et al. Teenage pregnancy, attachment style and depression: a comparison of teenage and adult pregnant women in a Portuguese series. Attachment & Human Development, v. 8, n. 2, p. 123-138, 2006.
GELLER, P. Pregnancy as a stressful life event. Spectrums: The International Journal of Neuropsychiatric Medicine, v. 9, n. 3, p. 188-197, 2004.
GIBLIN, P.; POLAND, M.; SACHS, B. Effects of social support on attitudes and health behaviours and pregnant adolescents. Journal of Adolescents Health Care, v. 8, n. 3, p. 273-279, 1987.
GODINHO, R. et al. Adolescentes e grávidas: onde buscam apoio? Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, v. 8, n. 2, p. 25-32, 2000.
JONGENELEN, I. Gravidez na adolescência – uniformidade e diversidade no desenvolvimento. 1998. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica) – Universidade do Porto, Porto, 1998.
MARQUES, M. C. Abordagem desenvolvimental da maternidade na adolescência. 1999. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica) – Universidade do Minho, Braga, 1999.
MUSICK, J. Grandmothers and grandmothers to-be effects on adolescent mothers and adolescents mothering. Infants Young Child, v. 6, p. 1-9, 1994.
NATH, P. et al. Understanding adolescent parenting: the dimensions and functions of social support. Family Relations, v. 40, p. 411-20, 1991.
NITZ, K.; KETTERLINUS, R. D.; BRANDT, L. J. The role of stress, social support, and family environment in adolescent mothers parenting. Journal of Adolescent Research, v. 10, p. 358-382, 1995.
O’HARA, M. W. The nature of postpartum depressive disorders. In: MURRAY, L.; COOPER, P. J. (Org.). Postpartum depression and child development. New York: The Guilford Press, 1997. p. 3-34.
PACHECO, A. Maternidade: vinculação e relações significativas. 2005. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica) – Universidade do Minho, Braga, 2005.
REIS, A. O. A.; OLIVEIRA-MONTEIRO, N. R. Sexualidade e procriação na ótica de jovens de periferias sociais e urbanas. Revista Brasileira de Crescimento e Desenvolvimento Humano, v. 17, n. 2, p. 54-63, 2007.
RELVAS, A.; LOURENÇO, M. Uma abordagem familiar da gravidez e maternidade: perspectiva sistémica. In: CANAVARRO, M. (Org.). Psicologia da gravidez e maternidade. Coimbra: Quarteto, 2001. p. 105-132.
RITTER, C. et al. Stress, psychosocial resources, and depressive symptomatology during pregnancy in low-income, inner-city women. Health Psychology, v. 19, p. 576-585, 2000.
SABROZA, A. et al. Algumas repercussões emocionais negativas da gravidez precoce em adolescentes do Município do Rio de Janeiro (1999-2001). Cadernos de Saúde Pública, v. 20, supl. 1, 2004.
SANDERS, S. Social support and parenting cognitions in adolescent mothers. 2002. Thesis (Doctorate in Educational Psychology) – University of New York, New York, 2002.
SCHELLENBACH, C. J.; WHITMAN, T. L.; BORKOWSKI, J. G. Toward an integrative model of adolescent parenting. Human Development, v. 35, p. 81-99, 1992.
SHAPIRO, J. R.; MANGLESDORF, S. C. The determinants of parenting competence in adolescent mothers. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, v. 23, n. 6, p. 621-641, 1994.
SPIEKER, S. J.; BENSLEY, L. Roles of living arrangements and grandmother social support in adolescent mothering and infant attachment. Development Psychology, v. 30, n. 1, p. 102-111, 1994.
STEVENSON, W.; MATON, K.; TETI, D. Social support, relationship quality, and well-being among pregnant adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, v. 22, p. 109-121, 1999.
THOMPSON, M. S.; PEEBLES-WILKINS, W. The impact of formal, informal, and societal support networks of the psychological well-being of black adolescent mothers. Social Work, v. 37, p. 322-328, 1992.
UNGER, D. G.; COOLEY, R. N. Partner and grandmother contact in black and white teen parent families. Journal of Adolescent Health, v. 13, p. 546-552, 1992.