Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evaluation and Comorbidities in Students
Main Article Content
Abstract
Among 20?30% of patients with suspected autism referred for evaluation by multidisciplinary teams, have the diagnosed discarded and 15 to 20% have genetic and / or environmental comorbidities. From September 2011 to December 2014, through 15 task forces, physicians and neuropsychologists evaluated 151 children enrolled in municipal schools in the city of Barueri, São Paulo. Evaluation: perinatal history, growth and developmental milestones, health history, perinatal anoxia, prematurity, infection and birth defects, genetic syndromes, intellectual disability and epilepsy were recorded. Screening scales used were Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) and the Autism Screening Questionnaire (ASQ). The main results were the exclusion of ASD diagnosis in 44 children (30%). Among ASD students 22 (21%) had several comorbidities of genetic and environmental causes. Conclusions: 1. the diagnosis of autism should be validated; 2. interdisciplinary academic teams with expertise in evaluation can make partnerships with educational systems and develop appropriate methods for this purpose; 3. Basic and clinical protocols available in Brazil are effective both to validate the diagnosis and to better know the general health and cognitive?behavioral of the students with autism.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright to articles published in The Journal Of Psychology: Theory and Practice belongs to the authors, who grant Mackenzie Presbyterian University the not exclusive rights to publish the content.
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2002). Manual diagnóstico e estatístico de transtornos mentais DSM IV TR. Porto Alegre: Artmed.
American Psychiatric Association. (2014). Manual diagnóstico e estatístico de transtornos mentais DSM 5. Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Berument, S. K., Rutter, M., Lord, C., & Bailey, A. (1999). Autism screening questionnaire. Diagnostic validity. British Journal of Psychiatry, 175(4), 444 451.
Brunoni, D., D´Antino, M. E. F., Paula, C. S., Teixeira, M. C. T. V., Cysneiros, R. M., & Schwartzman, J. S. (2015). Avaliação diagnóstica em escolares com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo na rede municipal de ensino de Barueri, SP. In M. L. F. D’Antino, D. Brunoni & J. S. Schwartzman. (Ed.). Contribuições para a inclusão escolar de alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais: estudos interdisciplinares em educação e saúde em alunos com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo no município de Barueri, SP (pp. 89 98). São Paulo: Memnon Edições Científicas.
Carter, M. T., & Scherer, S. W. (2013). Autism spectrum disorder in the genetics clinic: a review. Clinical Genetics, 83(5), 399 407.
Carvalheira, A. G., Vergani, N., & Brunoni, D. (2004). Genética do autismo. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 26(4), 270 272.
Cass, H., Sekaran, D., & Baird, G. (2006). Medical investigation of children with autistic spectrum disorders. Child Care Health Development, 32(5), 521 533
D’Antino, M. E. F., Seabra, A. G., Paula, C. S., Brunoni, D., Fiamenghi Jr, G. A., Schwartzman, J. S., & Carvalho, S. C. (2010). Estudos sobre alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais no sistema escolar de Barueri (SP): uma ação interdisciplinar. Cadernos de Pós Graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, 10(1), 9 20.
Fakhoury, M. (2015). Autistic spectrum disorders: a review of clinical features, theories and diagnosis. International Journal of Developmental Neurosciences, 43(1), 70 77.
Gaugler, T., Klei, L., Sanders, S. J., Bodea, C. A., Goldberg, A. P., Lee A. B., & Buxbaum, J. D. (2014). Most genetic risk for autism resides with common variation. Nature Genetics, 46(8), 881 885.
Grabrucker, A. M. (2013). Environmental factors in autism. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 3(118), 1-13.
Jeste, S. S., & Geschwind, D. H. (2014). Disentangling the heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder through genetic findings. Nature Review Neurology, 10(2), 74 81.
Klin, A. (2011). Child Study Center, Yale University. Comunicação pessoal.
Lintas, C., & Persico, A. M. (2009). Autistic phenotypes and genetic testing: state of art for the clinical geneticist. Journal of Medical Genetics, 46(1), 1 8.
Marteleto, M. R. F., & Pedromônico, M. R. M. (2005). Validade do inventário de comportamentos autísticos (ICA): estudo preliminar. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 27(4), 295 301.
Miles, J. H., Takahashi, T. N., Bagby, S., Vaslow, D. F., Wang, C. H., Hillman, R. E., & Farmer, J. E. (2005). Essential versus complex autism: definitions of fundamental prognostic subtypes. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 35(2), 171 180.
Muhle, R., Trentacoste, S. V., & Rapin, I. (2004). The Genetics of Autism. Pediatrics, 113(5), 472 486. Município de Barueri, Leis Municipais. (2011). Recuperado em 20 novembro, 2015 de https://www.leismunicipais.com.br/a/sp/b/barueri/lei ordinaria/2011/210/2108/lei ordinaria n 2108 2011 autoriza o poder executivo municipal a celebrar convenio com a universidade presbiteriana mackenzie 2011 11 22.html
Organização Mundial da Saúde (2000). CID 10: classificação estatística internacional de doenças e problemas relacionados à saúde (v. 1). São Paulo: Edusp.
Pinto, D., Pagnamenta, A. T., Klei, L., Anney, R., Merico, D., Regan, R., & Betancur, C. (2010). Functional impact of global rare copy number variation in autism spectrum disorder. Nature, 466(7304), 368 372.
Roberts, J. L., Hovanes, K., Dasouki, M., Asouki, M., Manzardo, A. M., & Butler, M. G. (2014). Chromosomal microarray analysis of consecutive individuals with autism spectrum disorders or learning disability presenting for genetic services. Gene, 535(1), 70 78.
Sato, F. P., Paula, C. S., Lowenthal, R., Nakano, E.Y., Brunoni, D., Schwartzman, J. S., & Mercadante, M. T. (2009). Instrument to screen cases of pervasive developmental disorder: a preliminar indication of validity. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 31(1), 30 33.
Tordjman, S., Somogyi, E., Coulon, N., Kermarrec, S., Cohen, D., Bronsard, G., & Xavier, J. (2014). Gene×Environment Interactions in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 5(53), 1-17.
Velloso, R. L., Vinic, A. A., Duarte, C. P., D’Antino, M. E. F., Brunoni, D., & Schwartzman, J. S. (2011). Protocolo de avaliação diagnóstica multidisciplinar da equipe de transtornos globais do desenvolvimento vinculado à pós graduação em distúrbios do desenvolvimento da Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie. Cadernos de Pós Graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, 11(1), 9 22.
Volkmar, F. R., & Pauls, D. (2003). Autism. Lancet, 362(9390), 1133-1141