Cognitive Impairments in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Integrative Review
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Abstract
This review verified cognitive domains affected by type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and the instruments used for its assessment. We performed a search in three databases using the descriptors “type 1 diabetes” AND “cognitive dysfunction”. Only six of the 120 articles found met the criteria for inclusion in the review. The analysis of these articles indicates that the main cognitive functions compromised by T1DM are attention, visual attention, verbal memory, immediate and late recovery, and psychomotor speed. Among the selected articles, we found that the most used instruments were the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Wechsler scales (WMS-III and WMS-RC), the Trail Making Test, The Grooved Pegboard, and substitution (letter-symbol, digit-symbol). Due to the different impairments found, we suggest the importance of standardizing a battery of cognitive assessments and greater efforts to understand the functional impairments resulting from damage to cognition in individuals with T1DM.
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