Efeitos do Nascimento Pré-Termo nas Funções Cognitivas de Crianças: Revisão Sistemática

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Lissia Ana Basso
Gabriela Villas Boas Pessato Demarchi Chula
Adriane Xavier Arteche
Cíntia Pacheco e Maia

Resumo

Déficits cognitivos em crianças são relacionados ao nascimento pré-termo, e grande parte destas dificuldades são observadas apenas quando as crianças atingem a idade escolar. Por meio de uma revisão sistemática, o estudo buscou investigar dados empíricos acerca dos efeitos do nascimento pré-termo nos desfechos cognitivos (Quociente de Inteligência Geral e/ou Funções Executivas) em crianças nascidas pré-termo, com idade entre 9 e 12 anos. Foram selecionados manuscritos publicados entre 2004 a 2014, escritos em inglês, português ou espanhol. A busca foi realizada nas bases PsycINFO, PubMed e Scopus. No total, 13 estudos satisfizeram os critérios de inclusão. Os resultados indicaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos pré-termo e a termo, visto que as crianças pré-termo apresentaram os escores mais baixos. Entretanto, na maioria dos estudos, as crianças nascidas pré-termo tiveram escores dentro da média no que diz respeito ao Quociente de Inteligência Geral. Implicações clínicas e limitações metodológicas são discutidas.

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Seção
Desenvolvimento Humano

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