Dieta vegetariana en el embarazo y el impacto en el organismo materno y fetal
una revisión de la literatura
Palabras clave:
Vegetarianismo, Gestação, Gravidez, Nutrição, Período gestacionalResumen
Introducción: durante el embarazo, las necesidades nutricionales aumentan debido al desarrollo fetal. Por lo tanto, es interesante cuestionar las restricciones dietéticas, como el vegetarianismo, la seguridad de las mujeres embarazadas y los fetos. Objetivo: Discutir los posibles cambios en las dietas vegetarianas en el embarazo y enumerar las deficiencias nutricionales causadas por estas dietas en el embarazo. Metodología: el estudio se realizó mediante investigación bibliográfica en revistas nacionales e internacionales indexadas en las bases de datos Capes, Scielo y Science Direct de 2009 a 2019. Use las palabras clave en ciencia y salud: dieta vegetariana; deficiencias nutricionales; Vitaminas y embarazo. Resultados: Tenga encuenta que las mujeres embarazadas vegetarianas son más susceptibles a la deficiencia de nutrientes, particularmente hierro, ácido fólico y vitamina b12, o pueden provocar anemia, aborto espontáneo, anomalías congénitas, trastornos neurológicos, preeclampsia, parto prematuro y bajo peso al nacer. Conclusión: Por lo tanto, una dieta vegetariana enelembarazodebe ser monitoreadaprofesionalmente, lo que permite ofrecerun ajuste nutricional adecuado, teniendoencuentalosriesgosexpuestos y lasmujeresembarazadas.
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3. BRANDÃO, AHF. CABRAL, MA. CABRAL, ACV. Asuplementação de ferro na gravidez: orientações atuais. Femina;39(5). Maio, 2011. Disponível em: http://files.bvs.br/upload/S/0100-7254/2011/v39n5/a2524.pdf.
4. BRIAN, TW. WU, SM. INNIS, KA. et al. Low plasma vitamin B12 is associated with a lower pregnancy-associated rise in plasma choline in Canadian pregnant women and lower postnatal growth rates in their male infants. The AmericanJournal of Clinical Nutrition, 2013, p1209-1217. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.060269.
5. CHERON, G. Carencesen vitamine B12 chez le nouveau-né de mère. Végétarienne. Journées de TechniquesAvancées. 2013. Disponível em https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01412358/document.
6. DAPHNA, K. DROR, LH. Effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on neurodevelopment in infants: current knowledge and possible mechanisms. Nutrition Reviews, 2008, 66(5), p250-255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oncohp.2015.10.006.
7. DUGGAN, C. SRINIVASAN, K. THOMAS, T. et al. Vitamin B12 Supplementation during Pregnancy and Early Lactation Increases Maternal Breast Milk ans Infant Measures of Vitamin B12 Status. The Journal of Nutrition, 2014, 144, p758-764. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.187278.
8. ELMADFA, I. SINGER, I. Vitamin B-12 and homocysteine status among vegetarians: a global perspective.Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 May; 89(5). doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736Y.
9. HORDE, P. Vitamine B12, analyse de sang. JournaldesFemmes. Santé. Novembro, 2015. Disponível em: https://www.vitamine-b12.net/grossesse-allaitement/.
10. IBOPE, 2018. PESQUISA DE OPINIÃO PÚBLICA SOBRE VEGETARIANISMO. Disponível em: http://www.svb.org.br/images/Documentos/JOB_0416_VEGETARIANISMO.pdf.
11. INSTITUT NATIONAL DE PRÉVENTION ET D’EDUCATION POUR LA SANTÉ (INPES). Guide Nutrition de la Grossesse. 2015. Disponível em: https://www.mangerbouger.fr/pro/IMG/pdf/Livret_accompagnement_grossesse.pdf.
12. NGUYEN, VQ. GOTO, A. NGUYEN, TVT. Prevalence and correlates of zinc deficiency in pregnant Vietnamese women in Ho Chi Minh City. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2013, 22(4), p614-619. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.2013.22.4.05.
13. Nutri-facts, Tout sur les vitamines et plus. Zinc. Disponível em www.nutri_facts.org/fra/oligoelements/zinc/en_bref.
14. PAWLAK, R. PARROTT, S.J. RAJ, S. How prevalent is vitamin B12 deficiency among vegetarians? Nutr. Rev. 2013; 71:110–117. doi: 10.1111/nure.12001.
15. PICOLLI, R. CLARI, FN. VIGOTTI, F. Vegan-vegetarian diets in pregnancy: danger or panacea? A systematic narrative review. BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology. 2015. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.13280.
16. PISTOLLATO, F. SUMALLA, S. ELIO, I. et al. Plant-Based and Plant-Rich Diet Patterns during Gestation: Beneficial Effects and Possible Shortcomings. Adv. Nutr. An. Int. Rev. J. 2015. 6, 581–591. doi: 10.3945/an.115.009126.
17. ROGNE, T., TIELEMANS M. J., CHONG M.F., et al. Associations of Maternal Vitamin B12 Concentration in Pregnancy with the Risks of Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data e [24]. Am J Epidemiol. 2017. doi: 10.1093/aje/kww212.
18. RIZZO, G. LAGANÀ, AS. RAPISARDA, AMC. et al. Vitamin B12 among Vegetarians: Status, Assessment and Supplementation. Nutrients. 2016 Dec; 8(12): 767. doi: 10.3390/nu8120767.
19. RIZZO, G. LAGANÀ, AS. RAPISARDA, AMC. et al. Vitamin B12 among Vegetarians: Status, Assessment and Supplementation. Nutrients. 2016 Dec; 8(12): 767. doi: 10.3390/nu8120767.
20. ROLA, C. Vegetarianismo e Comportamento Alimentar. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisboa. 2015. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ul.pt/handle/10451/27280.
21. RUFENACH, AP. CASINI, N. JUNOD, PK. Samii, Déficit en vitamine B12.HôpitauxUniversitaires de Genève, Décembre 2011. Disponível em https://www.hug-ge.ch/sites/interhug/files/structures/medecine_de_premier_recours/Strategies/strategie_vit_b12.pdf.
22. SEBASTIANI, G. BARBERO, AH. BORRÁS-NOVELL, C. et al. The Effects of Vegetarian and Vegan Diet during Pregnancy on the Health of Mothers and Offspring. Nutrients. 2019 Mar; 11(3): 557. doi: 10.3390/nu11030557.
23. SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA VEGETARIANA (SBV) - 2017 Disponível em: https://www.svb.org.br/vegetarianismo1.
24. STUEBE, AM. OKEN, E. GILLMAN, MW. Associations of diet and physical activity during pregnancy with risk for excessive gestational weight gain. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Julho, 2010. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.02.025.
25. SOUCCAR, T. Grossesse: pourquoi et comment ne pasmanquer de zinc?Janvier. 2016. Disponível em: https://www.thierrysouccar.com/nutrition/info/grossesse-pourquoi-et-comment-ne-pas-manquer-de-zinc-2311.
26. TEIXEIRA, D. PESTANA, D CALHAU, C. Alimentação e Nutrição na Gravidez. Programa Nacional para a Promoção da AlimentaçãoSaudável. Lisboa. 2015. Disponível em: https://www.alimentacaosaudavel.dgs.pt/activeapp/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Alimentação-e-Nutrição-na-Gravidez.pdf.
27. VANNUCCHI, H. MONTEIRO, TH. TAKEUCHI, PL. Cobalamina (vitamina b12). ILSI Brasil-International Life Sciences. São Paulo. 2017. Disponível em: https://ilsibrasil.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2017/07/Fasc%C3%ADculo-COBALAMINA.pdf.
28. WATANABE, F. YABUTA, Y. BITO, T. et al. Vitamin B12 - Containing Plant Food Sources for Vegetarians. Nutrients. 2014. doi: 10.3390/nu6051861.
29. WINSTON, C. ANN, RM. Position of the American Dietetic Association: Vegetarian Diets. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2009. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2009.05.027.
2. ANNE, M. MOLLOY, PN. KIRKE, LC. et al. Effects of folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies during pregnancy on fetal, infant and child development. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 2008, 29(2), p101- 111. DOI: 10.1177/15648265080292S114
3. BRANDÃO, AHF. CABRAL, MA. CABRAL, ACV. Asuplementação de ferro na gravidez: orientações atuais. Femina;39(5). Maio, 2011. Disponível em: http://files.bvs.br/upload/S/0100-7254/2011/v39n5/a2524.pdf.
4. BRIAN, TW. WU, SM. INNIS, KA. et al. Low plasma vitamin B12 is associated with a lower pregnancy-associated rise in plasma choline in Canadian pregnant women and lower postnatal growth rates in their male infants. The AmericanJournal of Clinical Nutrition, 2013, p1209-1217. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.060269.
5. CHERON, G. Carencesen vitamine B12 chez le nouveau-né de mère. Végétarienne. Journées de TechniquesAvancées. 2013. Disponível em https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01412358/document.
6. DAPHNA, K. DROR, LH. Effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on neurodevelopment in infants: current knowledge and possible mechanisms. Nutrition Reviews, 2008, 66(5), p250-255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oncohp.2015.10.006.
7. DUGGAN, C. SRINIVASAN, K. THOMAS, T. et al. Vitamin B12 Supplementation during Pregnancy and Early Lactation Increases Maternal Breast Milk ans Infant Measures of Vitamin B12 Status. The Journal of Nutrition, 2014, 144, p758-764. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.187278.
8. ELMADFA, I. SINGER, I. Vitamin B-12 and homocysteine status among vegetarians: a global perspective.Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 May; 89(5). doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736Y.
9. HORDE, P. Vitamine B12, analyse de sang. JournaldesFemmes. Santé. Novembro, 2015. Disponível em: https://www.vitamine-b12.net/grossesse-allaitement/.
10. IBOPE, 2018. PESQUISA DE OPINIÃO PÚBLICA SOBRE VEGETARIANISMO. Disponível em: http://www.svb.org.br/images/Documentos/JOB_0416_VEGETARIANISMO.pdf.
11. INSTITUT NATIONAL DE PRÉVENTION ET D’EDUCATION POUR LA SANTÉ (INPES). Guide Nutrition de la Grossesse. 2015. Disponível em: https://www.mangerbouger.fr/pro/IMG/pdf/Livret_accompagnement_grossesse.pdf.
12. NGUYEN, VQ. GOTO, A. NGUYEN, TVT. Prevalence and correlates of zinc deficiency in pregnant Vietnamese women in Ho Chi Minh City. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2013, 22(4), p614-619. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.2013.22.4.05.
13. Nutri-facts, Tout sur les vitamines et plus. Zinc. Disponível em www.nutri_facts.org/fra/oligoelements/zinc/en_bref.
14. PAWLAK, R. PARROTT, S.J. RAJ, S. How prevalent is vitamin B12 deficiency among vegetarians? Nutr. Rev. 2013; 71:110–117. doi: 10.1111/nure.12001.
15. PICOLLI, R. CLARI, FN. VIGOTTI, F. Vegan-vegetarian diets in pregnancy: danger or panacea? A systematic narrative review. BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology. 2015. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.13280.
16. PISTOLLATO, F. SUMALLA, S. ELIO, I. et al. Plant-Based and Plant-Rich Diet Patterns during Gestation: Beneficial Effects and Possible Shortcomings. Adv. Nutr. An. Int. Rev. J. 2015. 6, 581–591. doi: 10.3945/an.115.009126.
17. ROGNE, T., TIELEMANS M. J., CHONG M.F., et al. Associations of Maternal Vitamin B12 Concentration in Pregnancy with the Risks of Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data e [24]. Am J Epidemiol. 2017. doi: 10.1093/aje/kww212.
18. RIZZO, G. LAGANÀ, AS. RAPISARDA, AMC. et al. Vitamin B12 among Vegetarians: Status, Assessment and Supplementation. Nutrients. 2016 Dec; 8(12): 767. doi: 10.3390/nu8120767.
19. RIZZO, G. LAGANÀ, AS. RAPISARDA, AMC. et al. Vitamin B12 among Vegetarians: Status, Assessment and Supplementation. Nutrients. 2016 Dec; 8(12): 767. doi: 10.3390/nu8120767.
20. ROLA, C. Vegetarianismo e Comportamento Alimentar. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisboa. 2015. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ul.pt/handle/10451/27280.
21. RUFENACH, AP. CASINI, N. JUNOD, PK. Samii, Déficit en vitamine B12.HôpitauxUniversitaires de Genève, Décembre 2011. Disponível em https://www.hug-ge.ch/sites/interhug/files/structures/medecine_de_premier_recours/Strategies/strategie_vit_b12.pdf.
22. SEBASTIANI, G. BARBERO, AH. BORRÁS-NOVELL, C. et al. The Effects of Vegetarian and Vegan Diet during Pregnancy on the Health of Mothers and Offspring. Nutrients. 2019 Mar; 11(3): 557. doi: 10.3390/nu11030557.
23. SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA VEGETARIANA (SBV) - 2017 Disponível em: https://www.svb.org.br/vegetarianismo1.
24. STUEBE, AM. OKEN, E. GILLMAN, MW. Associations of diet and physical activity during pregnancy with risk for excessive gestational weight gain. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Julho, 2010. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.02.025.
25. SOUCCAR, T. Grossesse: pourquoi et comment ne pasmanquer de zinc?Janvier. 2016. Disponível em: https://www.thierrysouccar.com/nutrition/info/grossesse-pourquoi-et-comment-ne-pas-manquer-de-zinc-2311.
26. TEIXEIRA, D. PESTANA, D CALHAU, C. Alimentação e Nutrição na Gravidez. Programa Nacional para a Promoção da AlimentaçãoSaudável. Lisboa. 2015. Disponível em: https://www.alimentacaosaudavel.dgs.pt/activeapp/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Alimentação-e-Nutrição-na-Gravidez.pdf.
27. VANNUCCHI, H. MONTEIRO, TH. TAKEUCHI, PL. Cobalamina (vitamina b12). ILSI Brasil-International Life Sciences. São Paulo. 2017. Disponível em: https://ilsibrasil.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/2017/07/Fasc%C3%ADculo-COBALAMINA.pdf.
28. WATANABE, F. YABUTA, Y. BITO, T. et al. Vitamin B12 - Containing Plant Food Sources for Vegetarians. Nutrients. 2014. doi: 10.3390/nu6051861.
29. WINSTON, C. ANN, RM. Position of the American Dietetic Association: Vegetarian Diets. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2009. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2009.05.027.
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2020-07-16
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