A Influência da Personalidade na Tomada de Decisão Intertemporal
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Decisão intertemporal é o comportamento de escolher entre um ganho menor mais imediato e um ganho maior atrasado. Desvalorização pelo atraso (DD) é o processo pelo qual o valor subjetivo de um ganho identificado diminui à medida que aumenta o atraso de recebimento. Indivíduos com alta taxa de DD tendem a supervalorizar benefícios imediatos e a fazer escolhas com consequências prejudiciais no longo prazo. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência dos traços de personalidade do modelo Big Five na tomada de decisão intertemporal, considerando o efeito de covariáveis sociodemográficas e sintomas psicopatológicos (ansiedade, depressão e estresse). A amostra foi composta por 520 adultos brasileiros, com média de idade de 27,3 anos (DP = 4,7), sendo 70,2% do sexo feminino. Eles responderam a uma pesquisa on-line, que incluiu o Inventário dos Cinco Grandes Fatores de Personalidade (IGFP-5), Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (DASS-21) e o Questionário de Escolha Monetária (MCQ-27). Os resultados apontaram que aproximadamente 9% da variância do DD é explicada por renda média familiar, ansiedade, amabilidade, neuroticismo e extroversão. Especificamente sobre influência da personalidade, o DD foi explicado em 1,7% por amabilidade, 0,7% por extroversão e 0,6% por neuroticismo. Esses achados indicam que certos atributos pessoais contribuem para o aumento do DD, independentemente da renda média familiar e do estado de saúde emocional.
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