Engajamento e Participação Verbal de Crianças Pré-Escolares durante Leitura Compartilhada de Histórias

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Ana Beatriz do Prado Schiavone
Ana Carolina Miranda
Andreia Schmidt

Resumo

Estudos sugerem que a leitura compartilhada de histórias (LCH) contribui para que crianças desenvolvam repertórios verbais, o que pode ser potencializado por estratégias extratextuais de ensino explícito de palavras. Há poucos estudos que buscam relacionar o tipo de estratégia com níveis de engajamento e participação verbal de crianças. Objetivo: verificar a relação entre o uso de estratégias extratextuais de ensino explícito de palavras e o engajamento e a participação verbal de crianças pré-escolares, durante sessões de LCH e de atividade complementar. Metodologia: Participaram 13 crianças (cinco meninas) entre 4 e 5 anos. Vídeos das sessões de LCH e da atividade complementar foram transcritos e categorizados quanto ao tipo de estratégia extratextual utilizada pela pesquisadora, o tipo de engajamento (ativo ou passivo, medido pelo comportamento não verbal das crianças), e de participação verbal das crianças durante as sessões (relacionadas ou não à atividade e às palavras-alvo). Resultados: o engajamento total foi similar em todas as sessões, mas foi mais frequente em relação à pesquisadora do que aos pares. As estratégias de explicar o significado das palavras-alvo e iniciar conversas pareceram evocar mais falas das crianças relacionadas às palavras-alvo do que às estratégias de destaque e de instrução verbal; durante estas últimas, foram mais frequentes emissões verbais relacionadas à atividade ou à história. Conclusões: algumas estratégias extratextuais parecem estabelecer contextos mais favoráveis para a participação verbal das crianças, sendo essencial organizar contingências que favoreçam o engajamento e participação verbal sobre o conteúdo ensinado, pois essas duas classes de resposta parecem ser complementares.

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