Proceso Neuroinflamatorio en Animales Infectados por Toxoplasma gondii: Una Revisión Integrativa
Palabras clave:
Toxoplasma gondii, Neuroinmunología, Neurotransmisores, Modelo animal, PsicobiologíaResumen
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) es un parásito euryxene, en el que los felinos son los huéspedes definitivos y otros animales de sangre caliente, huéspedes intermediarios, con importancia clínica, especialmente en individuos inmunocomprometidos, y puede causar cambios de comportamiento en roedores. Entre los mecanismos neurofisiológicos utilizados para explicar este fenómeno, se encuentra la influencia de la respuesta inmune sobre el sistema nervioso central (SNC). Dado que la neuroinmunología ha ganado espacio en la ciencia en los últimos años, el objetivo de este artículo fue evaluar los enfoques de la literatura actual sobre el proceso neuroinflamatorio en un modelo animal infectado por T. gondii, mediante una revisión integrativa de la literatura. Se consideraron en esta revisión artículos indexados en las bases de datos PubMed y Scopus que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y que realizaron investigación experimental con roedores desde enero de 2012 hasta febrero de 2022. En total, se encontraron 42 artículos, de los cuales 18 fueron seleccionados para lectura completa y 24 fueron excluidos. Los enfoques evaluados fueron: a) correlación entre estado físico o comportamiento animal y neuroinflamación; b) influencia de astrocitos, microglías y neuronas en el proceso neuroinflamatorio; c) influencia de la respuesta inmune a cambios en los neurotransmisores; y d) otros factores inmunológicos y su influencia en el SNC. La revisión integradora permitió la discusión de los principales abordajes en la literatura sobre el tema, dando un panorama general, en el que se hicieron algunas consideraciones que pueden contribuir al desarrollo de nuevas investigaciones experimentales, a fin de evaluar la influencia de la respuesta inmune en el SNC de animales parasitados.
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