Neuroinflammatory Process in Animals Infected by Toxoplasma gondii: An Integrative Review
Keywords:
Toxoplasma gondii, Neuroimmunology, Neurotransmitters, Animal model, PsychobiologyAbstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a eurixene parasite, of which felines are the definitive hosts and other warm-blooded animals, the intermediate hosts, having clinical importance mainly in immunocompromised individuals, which can cause behavioral changes in rodents. Among the neurophysiological mechanisms used to explain this phenomenon, there is the influence of the immune response on the central nervous system (CNS). Since neuroimmunology has been gaining ground in science in the recent years, the aim of this article was to assess the approaches in the current literature on the neuroinflammatory process in an animal model infected with T. gondii, making use of an integrative literature review. Articles indexed in the PubMed and Scopus databases that met the inclusion criteria and that carried out experimental research with rodents from January 2012 to February 2022 were considered. Forty-two articles were found, of which 18 were selected for full reading and 24 were excluded. The approaches evaluated were: a) correlation between physical state or animal behavior and neuroinflammation; b) influence of astrocytes, microglia, and neurons in the neuroinflammatory process; c) influence of the immune response to changes in neurotransmitters; and d) other immunological factors and their influence on the CNS. The integrative review allowed the discussion of the main approaches in the literature on the subject, giving an overview, in which some considerations were made that may contribute to the development of new experimental research, in order to assess the influence of the immune response on the CNS of parasitized animals.
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