Cortical Sensorial Processing of Alpha Rhythm in Attention and Hyperactivity Deficit Disorder
Keywords:
Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, Electroencephalography, Alpha rhythms, Sensory processingAbstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and/or inattention. Changes in cortical processing, including impaired attention and concentration are widely seen in the literature. Furthermore, sensory processing disorders are frequent findings in this population. The electroencephalogram has been an instrument capable of providing real-time data on the cerebral cortex. Abnormalities in alpha band oscillations are found in individuals with ADHD. Although sensory alterations are reported in patients with ADHD, few studies correlate them with cortical activity and alpha rhythm. Objective: To compare the sensory processing of the alpha rhythm in individuals with ADHD and neurotypical individuals using electroencephalographic techniques. Methods: Comparative, analytical and cross-sectional study. Individuals of both sexes, aged between five and 20 years, neurotypical and diagnosed with ADHD participated in the experiment. The alpha rhythm in visual, gustatory, auditory, olfactory and somesthetic cortical sensory processing was analyzed and compared between the groups. The Lilliefors normality test and the MannWhitney test were used. It was considered significant p ≤ 0.05. Results: The general mean age was 16.25 ± 4.61 years. There was a decrease in the alpha rhythm in light and gustatory visual cortical processing activities. However, there was an increase in the alpha rhythm in the activities of visual processing with image and auditory speech comprehension. Conclusion: The cortical sensory processing of the alpha rhythm is altered in individuals with ADHD for some of the activities performed. However, further studies are needed to expand and refine this analysis, in order to understand the neurophysiological mechanism involved in the cortical electrical sensory processing of individuals with ADHD.
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