Associação entre funções executivas e problemas de comportamento: uma revisão integrativa de literatura
Palavras-chave:
Funções executivas, Problemas comportamentais, Problemas emocionais, Problemas de comportamento, AutorregulaçãoResumo
Os problemas emocionais/comportamentais podem ser classificados como internalizantes, que compõem transtornos com sintomas ansiosos, depressivos e somáticos; e externalizantes, que se referem a transtornos com sintomas impulsivos, disruptivos ou por uso de substância. Quanto às funções executivas, são habilidades essenciais para o sucesso, seja na escola ou na vida, que promovem e organizam comportamentos direcionados a metas. Essa revisão de literatura se propôs a analisar as publicações que correlacionam estes dois temas, a fim de sintetizar criteriosamente evidências disponíveis nos últimos 5 anos e indicar possíveis rumos para futuras investigações. As informações foram obtidas em setembro de 2020 nas bases de dados Pubmed, com os seguintes descritores: “executive functions and behavior problems”, “executive functions and behavior problem”, “executive function and behavior problems” e “executive function and behavior problem”, identificando-se 98 trabalhos em inglês desde 2015. Destes, foram excluídos 15 artigos repetidos. A partir disso, foi realizada uma seleção por meio da leitura dos títulos, excluindo trabalhos cujos participantes apresentassem algum diagnóstico prévio ou condição associada às disfunções executivas ou aos problemas emocionais/comportamentais, restando 20 artigos relacionados especificamente com o tema desta pesquisa. Dos 20, 10 foram excluídos após leitura do resumo, por também tratarem de crianças com condições associadas, como, por exemplo, epilepsia ou transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade. Restaram 10 artigos que foram selecionados e analisados. Concluiu-se que há evidências à respeito da relação entre essas variáveis na literatura, indicando que as funções executivas desempenham importante papel na regulação emocional, o que reforça a importância de que avaliações amplas sejam realizadas precocemente, uma vez que a identificação de prejuízos nas funções executivas e da presença de problemas emocionais/comportamentais permite esforços quanto à prevenção dessas questões, além do desenvolvimento de estratégias de intervenção.
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