Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation as a Treatment in Parkinson’s Disease: An Integrative Review
Keywords:
Audiology, Parkinson’s disease, Music, Speech, Language and hearing ScienceAbstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by classic motor symptoms resulting from changes in the basal ganglia. The external auditory cues called rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) have been used to synchronize the internal rhythm maladjusted in patients with PD. The objective of this work was to analyze the types of auditory stimuli, the sound sources, and the outcomes of the RAS interventions used in patients with PD. In order to do so, an integrative review in the scientific bases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) was carried out. The search strategy Parkinson’s disease or Parkinson’s disorder and acoustic stimulation was used. After crossing the descriptors and obtaining the articles in the scientific databases, the selection started. First, the titles and abstracts were read, followed by the full articles. Finally, data were extracted from selected articles, analyzed, and critically discussed. Eleven articles were eligible for this review. Among these, nine were classified in level 1B of evidence according to the criteria of the Oxford scale. Two articles used melodic stimuli and only one article used prosodic stimuli. The majority of the articles used headphones as a sound source, and eight articles showed promising results in the motor component of patients with PD when submitted to intervention protocols with RAS. In conclusion, RAS improves the motor performance of patients with PD and the association of melodic, prosodic, or ecological stimuli with artificial sounds (metronome, tones, and binaural beats) provided through headphones has shown to be the most promising way for RAS intervention in patients with PD.
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