The impact of labor and tax regulations on investments in Brazil
Keywords:
Labor and tax regulation, Investments in Brazil, World bank, GDP, Economic performance.Abstract
O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o efeito da regulação trabalhista e tributária no investimento interno (formação bruta de capital fixo) e externo (fluxo de entrada de investimento estrangeiro direto). This study intends to assess the impact of the labor and tax regulation on the investment within (gross formation of fixed capital) and outside (direct foreign investment inward flow) Brazil. Assim, buscou-se fornecer evidências empíricas dos efeitos da legislação trabalhista e tributária sobre os investimentos e estratégias de negócios no Brasil. Therefore, empirical evidences for the impacts of the labor and tax legislation on the investments and business strategies in Brazil were attempted. Estudos nesse campo se justificam pelo fato da regulação ter impacto substancial na atividade econômica dos agentes, porque apesar de razões econômicas, sociais e políticas serem usadas para justificar a regulação, raramente alguma evidência empírica é utilizada como base ou justificativa para regulação (ALMEIDA; CARNEIRO, 2005). O foco no Brasil é relevante por ser um dos países mais regulados do mundo no âmbito trabalhista e tributário apresentando baixo enforcement (BOTERO et al. Studies in this field are justified by the relevant effect of regulation on the agents’ economic activities, since, despite of economic, social and political reasons being used to justify the regulation, empirical evidence is seldom applied as basis or justification for regulation (ALMEIDA; CARNEIRO, 2005). Focusing on Brazil is significant as it is one of the world’s most regulated in the labor and tax scope, with low enforcement (BOTERO et al. 2004), sendo que a rigidez dessas legislações pode ser um fator interferente no baixo desempenho e investimentos das empresas e no crescimento econômico do país. 2004). The strictness of such legislations may interfere in the companies’ poor performance and investments as well as in the country’s economic growth. Para investigar o efeito da regulação trabalhista e tributária no investimento interno e externo foram aplicados testes por meio de do método de Regressão Quantílica (RQ). In order to investigate the labor and tax regulation impact on the national and international investments, tests were applied under the Quantile Regression (QR) method. Para efeito de análise comparativa, os testes foram rodados também pelo método dos Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO). For comparative analysis purposes, the tests were also made under the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method. O estudo é cross-country baseado em dados em pooled cross-section de 180 países, coletados no período de 2003 a 2006 para regulação trabalhista e no período de 2005 a 2006. Os dados relacionados à regulação trabalhista e regulação tributária (variáveis independentes) foram obtidos na base de dados do projeto Doing business - Banco Mundial. This is a cross-country study based on pooled cross-section data from 180 countries, gathered from 2003 to 2006 for labor regulation and within 2005 and 2006. Os dados relativos às variáveis e investimentos interno e externo (variáveis dependentes), bem como do PIB, população total e taxa de juros (variáveis de controle) são provenientes do World Development Indicators atualizada no ano de 2008. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que quanto maior a rigidez da regulação do trabalho, menor o nível de investimento em termos de formação bruta de capital fixo e investimento estrangeiro direto no Brasil. The data regarding the variables and the national and international investments (dependant variables), as well as the GDP, total inhabitants and interests rate (control variables), are based on the World Development Indicators updated in 2008. The results found suggest that the higher the labor regulation strictness, the lower the investment level regarding gross formation of fixed capital and direct foreign investment in Brazil. Quanto ao efeito da regulação tributária sobre os investimentos, os resultados demonstram que há significância estatística e que uma redução da carga tributária, medida pela tributação sobre o lucro empresarial, pode elevar os níveis de investimentos. Regarding the effect of the tax regulation on investments, the results demonstrate that they are statistically relevant and that a reduction in the tax load, measured by the taxation over the business profit, could raise the investment level.
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