ANÁLISE DAS VANTAGENS COMPETITIVAS DOS BANCOS DIGITAIS COMPARADAS COM OS BANCOS TRADICIONAIS UTILIZANDO A TEORIA DA VISÃO BASEADA EM RECURSOS

Abstract

This study analyzes the competitive advantages of digital banks in relation to traditional Brazilian banks based on the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory. It starts from the context of the transformation of the financial system after 2008, marked by the rise of fintechs, digitalization, and the limitations of the traditional banking model. The RBV is used to investigate whether resources and capabilities, especially intangible and technological ones, contribute to superior performance. The research is quantitative and descriptive, based on secondary data from four publicly traded Brazilian fintechs and the four largest publicly traded traditional banks, covering the period from 2020 to 2024. Using panel regression, the dependent variable was the growth in the number of customers, while the explanatory variables included profitability indicators, capital structure, credit participation, proportion of intangible assets, revenue growth, total asset growth, firm size, and complaint index. The results indicate that a higher proportion of intangible assets and greater operational return on assets are positively associated with customer base growth, while institution size shows a negative relationship. Additionally, lower complaint rates are associated with greater customer expansion, reinforcing the role of reputation as a relevant intangible asset.