Neurotoxicidade do nascimento à puberdade em roedores
revisão dos principais agentes tóxicos e suas implicações
Palavras-chave:
Toxicologia do desenvolvimento, praguicidas, medicamentos, drogas, toxinas, contaminantes ambientaisResumo
O objetivo desta revisão foi apresentar os principais parâmetros empregados para a avaliação de neurotoxicidade durante o período inicial da vida de roedores até a puberdade e realizar um levantamento da literatura mais atual dos efeitos tóxicos de praguicidas, medicamentos, drogas lícitas e ilícitas, toxinas e agentes ambientais em filhotes de roedores. No levantamento bibliográfico, feito por meio da base de dados PubMed, os termos empregados foram: desenvolvimento pós-natal, toxicidade, roedores e parâmetros físicos e reflexológicos. Os critérios de inclusão foram: 1) língua inglesa; 2) espécies: ratos e camundongos; 3) artigos de revisão e originais; 4) publicações entre 2000 a 2020. Os trabalhos selecionados mostraram quais são os principais parâmetros do desenvolvimento físico e reflexos inatos utilizados para a avaliação de neurotoxicidade, durante o período inicial da vida de um roedor até a puberdade, que podem apontar alterações comportamentais e neurológicas na idade adulta. Os parâmetros de abertura dos olhos e abertura vaginal foram os marcos de desenvolvimento físico mais citados, e os de endireitamento postural em superfície e a geotaxia negativa os reflexos mais empregados. Os resultados mostraram os diferentes agentes tóxicos capazes de alterar o desenvolvimento de filhotes de roedores, causando danos reversíveis e, em alguns casos, irreversíveis nesses animais. Esses agentes possuem interesse econômico, pois são empregados como praguicidas, medicamentos e drogas lícitas e ilícitas, além de serem toxinas e contaminantes ambientais. Assim, esse levantamento contribui para o uso seguro desses agentes durante o período gestacional e de lactação, períodos cruciais para o desenvolvimento pleno de um ser vivo.
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