Efeito do Exercício Físico, numa Intervenção Multidisciplinar, na Autoeficácia e Autoestima de Adolescentes com Sobrepeso/Obesidade: Ensaio Clínico Aleatorizado
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Este estudo verificou os efeitos de 24 semanas de exercício físico, com intensidade autosselecionada e inserido numa intervenção multidisciplinar, sobre a autoeficácia e autoestima de adolescentes com sobrepeso/obesidade. Os adolescentes foram recrutados na cidade de Petrolina-PE, de janeiro a março de 2023 (mídias sociais, TV e programas de rádio local). Foram elegíveis adolescentes (ambos os sexos) com diagnóstico de sobrepeso/obesidade, de 13 a 17 anos, púbere ou pós-púbere. Os participantes foram aleatorizados em Grupo Experimental (GE) e Grupo Controle (GC). A intervenção de 24 semanas consistiu em aconselhamento nutricional (em grupo, 1h/semana), psicológico (1h/semana, em grupo) e treinamento físico supervisionado (3x/semana). As variáveis desfechos foram avaliadas pela Escala de Autoeficácia Geral Percebida e pela Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva (média ± desvio padrão) e a análise de covariância para identificar os efeitos da intervenção. A análise por intenção de tratar foi empregada. Calculou-se o tamanho do efeito. Adotou-se valor de p<0,05. Os 44 adolescentes (25 meninas) que iniciaram a intervenção foram incluídos na intenção de tratar. Os grupos foram semelhantes para os desfechos avaliados na linha de base. Após 24 semanas de intervenção multidisciplinar não foram encontradas diferenças significativas para a autoeficácia (GC: pré=30,3±4,8; pós=44,4±5,4; GE: pré=28,5±5,9; pós=46,6±6,1; IC95%=[-5,63;1,56]; p=0,26; d=0,38) e autoestima (GC: pré=24,0±5,0; pós=25,8±5,4; GE: pré=25,6±7,0; pós=28,5±6,9; IC95%=[-4,54;1,44]; p=0,30; d=0,44) dos adolescentes com sobrepeso/obesidade. Conclui-se que 24 semanas de exercício físico, com intensidade autosselecionada e inserido em uma intervenção multidisciplinar, não foram capazes de melhorar a autoeficácia e a autoestima de adolescentes com sobrepeso/obesidade.
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