Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés en Personas que Viven con VIH Desde una Perspectiva de Género y Orientación Sexual: Un Estudio Transversal Brasileño
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Casi 40 años después del inicio de la epidemia del VIH y de los notables avances biomédicos que han permitido una buena calidad de vida y alta expectativa de vida, investigaciones en países desarrollados indican una alta frecuencia de psicopatologías entre las personas que viven con VIH (PVVIH). Sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre la salud mental de esta población en países subdesarrollados o en desarrollo, como Brasil. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la frecuencia de síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en personas que viven con VIH, así como analizar las posibles diferencias en estos problemas de salud mental según el género y la orientación sexual. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo de corte transversal, en el que se evaluaron 91 PVVIH (edad media: 46,82 años) en tratamiento en un servicio especializado del sistema público de salud brasileño. Los datos se recolectaron mediante la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS-21) y el análisis de registros clínicos. Encontramos una alta frecuencia de síntomas de ansiedad (45,16%; IC95%: 34,81–53,83%), estrés (37,89%; IC95%: 28,14–48,43%) y depresión (29,35%; IC95%: 20,31–39,76%). Ser gay o bisexual predijo mayores niveles de síntomas depresivos y de estrés. No se observaron diferencias significativas en indicadores de psicopatologías según el género. A pesar de las altas tasas generales de síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, los resultados indican que ser gay o bisexual fue un factor importante asociado a mayor gravedad de los problemas de salud mental PVVIH en Brasil.
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