Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual con Influencia Religiosa/Espiritual: Una Revisión Sistemática
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Hay un aumento en los estudios de Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual integrada con religiosidad/espiritualidad. Los objetivos de esta investigación son presentar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre el impacto de la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual Religiosa/Espiritual en la salud mental; si presenta buenos resultados y si estos son superiores a la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual convencional; y verificar la calidad científica de estos estudios. Se consultaron múltiples bases de datos. Treinta estudios fueron incluidos en esta investigación, siendo ensayos clínicos aleatorios o no aleatorios, ensayos clínicos semiexperimentales y ensayos clínicos de un solo grupo. Estos estudios abordaron la depresión, la ansiedad, el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo, el estrés, la calidad de vida y el aumento del afrontamiento religioso/espiritual positivo y la disminución del afrontamiento religioso/espiritual negativo. La gran mayoría de los estudios incluidos demuestran una mejoría en los síntomas de los participantes, aunque se encontraron fallas metodológicas en un número considerable de estos estudios, resaltados utilizando el sistema de Grados de Recomendación, Valoración, Desarrollo y Evaluación. Existen estudios que han demostrado resultados equivalentes entre la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual convencional y la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual Religiosa/Espiritual, por lo que no se puede afirmar la superioridad de la primera sobre la segunda, si bien el Terapia Cognitivo- Conductual Religiosa/Espiritual puede ser atractivo para poblaciones que muestran mayor resistencia a buscar psicoterapia, y abordar al paciente a través de su Religiosidad/Espiritualidad puede llevar a contenidos que no se presentan en psicoterapia, una vez que el paciente desea que se trabaje esa demanda es pertinente que el profesional esté disponible para desarrollar el trabajo.
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